coat domestic dog ( Canis lupus familiaris ) refers to the hair that covers her body. The dog coat may be double layer , made of a soft bottom layer and a harder top layer, or a single coat , which does not have a bottom layer. The double coat has a top layer, made of rigid hair to help dissipate water and protect it from dirt, and the bottom layer to function as insulation. The terms hair and hair are often used interchangeably when depicting the dog's coat, but in general, double coats, such as those in Newfoundland and most mountain dogs, are referred to as fur coats >, while a single mantle, like the Poodle feather, is referred to as the hair coat .
Video Coat (dog)
Genetika
There is a wide variety of fur colors, patterns, lengths and textures found in domestic dogs rather than in relation to wolves, as is typical of all pets. In the wild, mutations often place animals at some practical disadvantage of reducing survival or reducing their appeal to the opposite sex; whereas domestic animals are protected from harm, and are bred from the special because of the practical application of mutations for human use, or the appeal of humanity to uniqueness.
During the evolution of dogs from their wild wolf ancestors, the color of the feathers on dogs may be the unintentional result of some other selective process (ie, selection for discomfort), and may not have been originally chosen to be deliberate by humans. Research has found that tameness brings about related physical changes, including coloration and patterns. Diversification of dogs into different types and eventually separate breeds increases color variation because factors such as camouflage and visibility help the function of the dog.
The types of mantle are chosen because, both unintentionally and intentionally, according to factors such as climate, vegetation in the work environment of dogs, and the need to perform tasks in water.
Domestic dogs often feature retaining remains, a common natural camouflage pattern. The basic principle of countershading is when the animal is lit from above, the shadow will be cast on the side of the abdomen of the body. These shadows can provide predators or prey with visual cues related to animal movement. By being lighter in color on the abdominal side of the body, animals can counteract this, and thus deceive predators or prey. Another explanation is that the dorsal and ventral sides of animals undergo different selection pressures (from the need to blend in with different backgrounds when viewed from above and below) resulting in different colors.
Maps Coat (dog)
Nomenclature of colors and patterns
Color
The same color can be referred differently to different races. Likewise, the same term may mean different staining in different races.
- Chocolate, chocolate, heart
Chocolate , chocolate and heart are the most commonly used terms to refer to black dilution in dark chocolate. Depending on the exact type and color, terms such as mahogany, midtone brown, gray brown, blackish brown are used. Sedge and deadgrass is used to describe the desired Chesapeake Bay Retriever color that resembles "that of the working environment" as closely as possible.
- Red
Red refers to shades of orange, brown, and reddish brown. Terms used include orange, red-gold, cinnamon, chocolate, and ruby. Genetically a dog called red is usually a clear sable (with little or no eumelanin that affects the hair) or a recessive yellow color.
In some breeds, "red" refers to what is usually called chocolate, chocolate, or liver. A "red merle" is always a heart-based incorporation. In Australian Cattle Dogs, the blue color represents liver-based colors with a gray-red look as a whole.
- Gold and yellow
Gold specifically refers to the rich reddish yellow and varied colors, while yellow may refer to yellow and brown. Terms used include yellow-gold, colored lion, yellowish brown, apricot, wheat, brownish yellow, straw, yellow-red, mustard, sandy, honey, apricot, blonde, lemon. Dogs called gold or yellow tend to be yellow recessive, but can also be sable.
- Cream
Cream refers to a yellowish or tannish yellowish color.
- Fawn
Deer usually refers to yellow, brown, light brown, or creamy dogs that have dark melanistic masks.
With Weimaraners, yellowish chocolate refers to their distinctive brownish gray color with other breeds commonly called lilac.
- Black
Black is a pure black color that can be gray when the dog ages, or has a tendency to get a crispy brown when exposed to the elements.
- Blue
Blue is metallic gray. This usually means black pigment dilution, gray coloration that is gray from birth, but has various specific meanings of breeds.
In Kerry Blue Terriers, Poodle, and Bearded Collies, "blue" refers to the black coloring at birth and grayed out as an adult dog. In Australian Shepherd, Rough Collies, and Shetland Sheepdogs, blue means blue hue (black). In Australia Silky Terriers, blue means a saddle black and tan pattern, where the black part of the coat fades gray as the adult dog and Australian Cowboy, blue is a very ticking black with an overall gray-blue appearance.
- Gray
Gray means a gray color of any color. It can be used as a blue alternative synonym, but tends to mean some other kind of gray from the black dye dilution. Synonyms include silver, pepper, grizzle, slate, blue-black gray, black and silver, steel. The gray of the dusty or brownish cast is often the lilac, the dilution of the heart, and this coloration does not have many commonly known names. Among the various races, it is called lavender, silver-brown yellowish, isabella, yellowish brown, cafà © Å © au lait or silver beige.
In Poodle, the blue color is a very gray and very dark gray color, while the silver is brighter and clear, the gray color is much brighter that can range from pale platinum to gray steel. Both are black at birth with a minimal sign to show changes in the future. Likewise, the cafÃÆ'Â © au lait is slower and darker and the silver is faster and lighter is brownish-gray, namely the heart.
- White
White : Like a light cream that looks and is described as pure white, makes it different from an albino dog. A white dog, as opposed to an albino, has a dark pigment around the rim of the eyes and nose, often combined with dark eyes. Often there are several coats that can be identified as the cream between the shoulder blades of the dog.
Pattern
The same pattern can be referred differently to different races.
Show mantle
The nature and quality of a dog's race coat is important for the dog's fancy in assessing the dog at conformational exhibits. The exact requirements are detailed in every standard breed breed and are not generalized in any way, and the terminology may be very different even when referring to similar features. See individual breed articles for specific information.
The nutritional impact on the mantle
The dog coat is an outside indicator of internal wellbeing. For this reason, health coating is an important aspect of pet care for many dog ​​owners. The dog coat can be affected by the nutritional components of the diet. Below is a table that summarizes the effects of some nutrients (minerals, vitamins) on a domestic dog coat, based on current evidence:
Tracking minerals
Zinc
Zinc contributes to hair growth and can prevent hair becoming dry and brittle. In addition, zinc when added in combination with linoleic acid has been found to improve the canine layer by reducing water loss in the trans-epidermal skin layer. Dogs can obtain zinc in their diet, through the addition of various ingredients, including; red meat, whole grains, poultry by-products, and fish food.
Copper
Copper is the mineral needed in the diet of canine teeth at 7.3 mg/kg. Copper is involved in several enzymatic pathways. In dogs, the lack of copper in the diet, which leads to copper deficiency, results in imperfect keratinization. This causes dry coating, hypo-pigmentation, and color change in the mantle.
Selenium
Selenium is one of the many minerals that are essential for a dog's diet. Selenium is usually required in a lower level than other minerals. It is involved in the prevention of oxidative damage as well as the production of anti-oxidants. Selenium helps in the promotion of mantle growth. The lack of selenium in a dog's diet can contribute to the rare growth of the mantle. Dogs can obtain selenium in their diet through the addition of various ingredients including; tuna, halibut, sardines, beef, chicken and eggs.
Vitamins
Vitamin A
Vitamin A deficiency can cause rough coating, skin thinning, and other dermatitis problems such as alopecia. It is also important for cells to properly proliferate keratinocytes, which are epithelial cells that produce keratin in the outermost layer of skin for cortisol cells from hair follicles. Vitamin A deficiency can cause common symptoms of dermatitis (dry, scaly, and dull skin).
Vitamin B7 (Biotin)
Vitamin B7, also known as biotin, is a water-soluble nutrient known to play a role associated with the maintenance and development of hairs ranging from follicles. Although it has not been clinically proven to promote hair growth with supplementation alone, it has been shown to reverse the deficiency in dogs born deficient.
Symptoms of biotin deficiency include alopecia and achromotrichia. A clinical study of biotin shows the importance of biotin in pigmentation of the mantle. There are various stages of hair development, as demonstrated in clinical studies using rats. Each stage of hair development has a different sensitivity to the presence of biotin in the body. For example, the development of the axis is less affected by biotin access. During the last stage, the amount of biotin available for use by the body will greatly influence the success of that development. Throughout the development of the hair, most stages of growth are completed, but it is found that in the last stage, where the biotin levels are insufficient, there is keratinization of the wrong hair root, causing the hair to fall out of the body.
Biotin supplementation can not reverse caused by deficiency, but as soon as supplementation is given and the level of biotin is returned to adequacy, the body begins to produce normal hair and color growth before the deficiency occurs.
Essential fatty acids
The polyunsaturated fatty acids found in the diet play an important role in the maintenance of a healthy coat on dogs, and have even been shown to improve the condition of the coat when added in the diet. In addition, a diet that lacks essential fatty acids in their diet will manifest as an unkempt and crumpled layer. Omega 3 and 6 fatty acids are high in unsaturated fatty acids, making them highly metabolically active.
The right combination of omega fatty acids is very important to achieve optimal benefits. Proper omega 6: 3 ratio has been shown to reduce the allergy-induced immune response, thus improving the overall condition of the mantle. The National Research Council (NRC) recommends a ratio of 2.6: 1 to 26: 1 omega 6: 3 for an adult dog maintenance diet. The exact ratio of these fatty acids is very important because each has an opposite role in inflammation in the body and both compete for the same enzymatic pathway. Dogs, like many mammals, do not have desaturase enzymes capable of converting omega 3 and 6 fatty acids. Therefore, the amount of inflammation in the body depends on the ratio between omega 3 and 6 fatty acids. Less inflammation suppresses the immune system and the body's ability to heal, but excessive inflammation can irritate the skin and reduce the overall appearance of the mantle.
In addition to omega fatty acids, the lipid content in dog food is an important aspect of the health of the mantle. Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K) require lipids present in the diet for absorption, transport and deposition on the canine adipose tissue. The specific role of vitamin A and E for mantle health is explored elsewhere in this article, as it relates to immune function. Another pet food regulatory body, the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO), recommends that vitamin E supplements increase as polyunsaturated fatty acids are added to the diet to fight lipid oxidation and retain potential. In addition, a high fat diet in dogs is proven to dramatically increase the sheen and appearance of the feathers. It is estimated that excess cholesterol esters are introduced into the hair follicles, leading to better coat appearance. The same study, by Kirby, Hester and Bauer (2007), suggests an optimal approach to improving the mantle in dogs is a combination of improved dietary fat and the right amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Omega_3_.28linolenic_acid.29 "> Omega 3 (linolenic acid)
Omega 3 fatty acids, also known as linolenic acids, are anti-inflammatory compounds. Linolenic acid is found in oil from flaxseed, soybeans and canola. Some of the better known examples of linolenic acid are eicosapentaenoic acid metabolic derivatives (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA). EPA inhibits the delta-5-desaturase enzyme, which prevents the synthesis of arachidonic acid which is an omega-6 inflammation. DHA acts early in the metabolism of omega 6, by inhibiting delta-6-desaturase. The anti-inflammatory properties of omega 3s stem from their ability to inhibit the action of inflammation of omega-6 fatty acids. Interestingly, the functional minimum has not been set by AAFCO, as it has not been determined. Reduced inflammation of somatic tissue, especially the skin, supports the health of the mantle.
Omega 6 (linoleic acid)
Omega 6 fatty acids, also known as linoleic acid, are found in poultry and oil fat from safflower, sunflower, corn and flaxseed. Arachidonic acid is a famous metabolic derivative of linoleic acid, found only in animal sources. As mentioned above, arachonic acid is a pro-inflammatory compound. It is important to note once again that canine teeth can not interconvert between omega fatty acids and over the supply of linoleic acid promotes excessive inflammation in the body, potentially reversing the benefits of visible coats by supplying omega fatty acids in foods. In contrast, linoleic acid is also required for epidermal lipid function and water retention, which is useful for coat coat. Having linoleic acid present in the diet has shown a positive effect on the skin, and thus by extension, the mantle.
Shedding
Hair shedding can occur continuously, but in many breeds it is strongly influenced by hormones. Seasonal shedders drip mostly in the spring and fall, following the increase or decrease in the length of days, and at least in summer and winter, in response to the length of a constant day. Cold temperatures stimulate hair growth, so that the heaviest shedding is in spring in dogs that live in cold climates. Artificial lighting can change the seasonal shedding patterns of dogs that live indoors. Other hormonal influences include dietary factors, reproductive hormones in whole dogs, and various medical conditions and disorders. Shedding done in a short time is known as "blowing the coat" or "blowing coat". Among other types of coats, dogs with subtle soft coats (eg spaniels) are generally moderate shedders, those with medium texture coats (eg, mountain dogs) are generally heavy shedders, and those with thick thick coats (eg, Spitzes )) is generally a very heavy shedder.
Dogs "non-shedding" has greatly reduced shedding due to changes in the growth cycle of hair follicles:
- homozigosity for furniture alleles (wires) - Most offspring with facial furniture (including those whose faces are usually shaved remove furniture!) are low spilled, but they must be homozygous, so dogs with mixed wire/Non-wire birth (eg , crosses of terriers or breeds with wire and non-wire varieties) may become severe shedder. There are some complete breeds that release more (eg, Old English Sheepdog, Bearded Collie, Briard, Otterhound);
- at least one copy of a one-layer allele (not cut out) - Most dogs with fine hair have a low coat of fur, as well as a coat that is limited or flat. There are descendants with very short coats that devote more (eg, Basset Hound, English Bulldog, Pug, Toy Fox Terrier, Dalmatian, Vizsla, German Shorthaired Pointer);
- single mantle (no bottom layer) plus furniture (homozigot) - This descendant is at least (eg, Poodle, Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier). No exceptions.
Hypoallergenic coat
"[D] ogs are the relevant source of allergens, but diagnosing dog-related allergies can pose difficulties." Some breeds of dogs have been promoted as hypoallergenic (meaning less allergic , not free of allergens) as they shed the least. However, no dog is known to be completely non-allergic. Often the problem is with saliva or dog hair, not feathers. Although breeds such as poodles, bedlingtons, bichons, yorkies, and wire-haired terriers are generally represented as hypoallergenic because of reduced shedding, the reaction a person has for individual dogs can vary greatly. In the report, describing a dog allergen extract from dog hair, belonging to a patient dog or from a dog of the same type, with a low molecular mass not present in a commercial allergen test kit extract, it has been found that "[f] allergenities are more than breeds or gender. "
See also
- Dog grooming
- Hypoallergenic
- List of dog breeds
- Merle (fur color in dog)
- Dog skin disorder
Note
References
Further reading
Cunliffe, Juliette (2004). "Coat Type, Colors, and Alerts". The Encyclopedia of Dog Breeds . Paragon Publishing. pp.Ã, 20-23 and various. ISBN: 0-7525-8276-3. Ã ,
External links
- Schmutz, Sheila M. (March 4, 2010). "Dog Coat Color Genetics". University of Saskatchewan . Retrieved September 12, 2010 .
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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