Air fresheners are consumer products used in homes, or commercial products used in toilets, which usually exclude perfumes. There are many different methods and brands of air fresheners. Several different types of air fresheners include sprays, candles, oils, gels, beads, and plug-ins. Some air fresheners contain chemicals that trigger allergies and symptoms of asthma or toxicity. Air refreshments are not just limited to modern sprays, air refreshing can also involve the use of organic and daily household items. Although air fresheners are mainly used for odor removal, some people use air fresheners for the pleasant smell they emit.
Video Air freshener
Basic principles
The odor control is handled by five classes of mechanisms;
- Adsorption: Adsorbents such as zeolites, activated charcoal, or silica gel can be used to remove odors. Oxidation: ozone, hydrogen peroxide, peroxides, chlorine, chlorates, and other oxidizers can be used to oxidize and eliminate the source of organic odors from the surface and, in the case of ozone, from the air as well.
- Water sanitizer: The odor caused by bacterial activity in the air can be removed by a bacteria-laden air purifier.
- Surfactants and soaps
- Masking: Remove odor with another odor by any means described above.
Delivery of the above air fresheners mechanism is divided into two broad categories: ongoing action and instant action. Continuous action products include scented candles and devices using flame candles or other heat sources for heating and vaporizing aroma formulations, incense burners, wall plug-ins using piezoelectric technology to neutralize the fragrance or heat to evaporate, the impregnated scent. which releases fragrances when gel evaporates occasionally with the help of electric fans, axis and reed diffusers that release fragrance by evaporation from the wetted axis or wooden reeds; and the fragrance of impregnated materials such as floor wax, paper, plastic, wood that releases perfumes with toxic gases; and the last nebulatory system that converts liquid fragrances into steam in a cold process without the use of heat.
Instant action systems are primarily aerosol sprays, or atomizers. The aerosol spray uses a propellant and aroma packed under pressure in a metal container or a closed glass with a valve opened by pressing a button containing the actuator spray nozzle. When the container valve is opened by pressing the actuator, the aroma is forced through a spray nozzle located inside the actuator to create a drip of aromatic droplets. These droplets are 30 to 50 micrometers in diameter. The sprayer is a glass, metal or plastic container of an aroma that operates in the same way except that the actuator is a pump which, when pressed, creates several pressures for the aroma aspiration from the container through the tube into the actuator and spray nozzles. The mist is made containing droplets of 50 to 150 micrometers in diameter. A newly developed type of aerosol packs a fragrant plastic bag into a can. The bag is attached to the valve/actuator/nozzle spray and sealed in a canister surrounded by air under pressure. When the actuator is pressed, the valve is opened and the liquid is forced through the nozzle by the pressure around the bag. This is called "bag-on-valve" technology.
Global retail sales of air-care products were valued at more than $ 6 billion in 2006 and estimated at $ 7.3 billion in 2010.
Air fresheners introduce fragrances to the air of interior space either as drops that transition into steam, or as molecules of fragrance material that instantly evaporate from the source. Fragrance diffuses into the air to mask other odors or to introduce a particular odor.
Maps Air freshener
Materials
In addition to the adsorbents, oxidizers, surfactants, and disinfectants listed above, air fresheners may include fragrances, aerosol propellants, preservatives, and solvents such as mineral oil or 2-butoxyethanol and other glycol ethers. As fragrances, air freshener preparations often include terpenes such as limonene.
A report released in 2005 by the Bureau of Europé de de Unions de Consommateurs (BEUC) found that many air fresheners emit allergens and toxic air pollutants including benzene, formaldehyde, terpene, styrene, phthalate esters, and toluene.
By 2020, air fresheners (as well as cleaning solutions and products used to clean cars) should list all of their ingredients on the list of 2,300 hazardous chemicals in California, under California law authorized by 2017. A study in California on 2006 found that the main products of terpen reactions were found in air fresheners with ozone including formaldehyde, hydroxyl radicals, and secondary ultrafine particles. It is unclear whether manufacturers need to list chemicals that are not materials, but forms when air fresheners are placed in the air.
Toxicity
Many air fresheners use carcinogens, volatile organic compounds and known toxins such as ester phthalates in their formulas. A study of the Defense Natural Resources Council (NRDC) of 13 public household air tenants found that most of the products surveyed contain chemicals that can aggravate asthma and affect reproductive development. The NRDC calls for tighter supervision of manufacturers and their products, which are widely assumed safe:
The study assessed scented spray, gel, and air freshener plug-ins. Independent laboratory tests confirm the presence of phthalates, or chemicals that disrupt hormones that can pose a particular health risk to infants and children, in 12 of 14 products - including those marked 'all natural'. None of the products have these chemicals listed on their labels.
On September 19, 2007, along with the Sierra Club, the Alliance for Healthy Homes, and the National Center for Healthy Housing, the NRDC petitioned the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Consumer Product Safety Commission to report on the findings.
Avon Longitudinal Study from Parents and Children (ALSPAC) University of Bristol found that exposure to volatile organic compounds through the frequent use of air fresheners and other aerosols at home was found to correlate with increased earaches and diarrhea in infants, and with increased depression and headaches on their mother.
In 2008, Anne C. Steinemann from the University of Washington published a study on air freshener and best-selling laundry products. He finds that all tested products release chemicals that are regulated as toxic or dangerous under federal law, including carcinogens without a safe exposure level, but none of these chemicals are listed on any of the product labels or Material Safety Data Sheets. Chemicals include acetone, active ingredients in paint thinners and nail polish remover; chloromethane, neurotoxic toxicity and respiratory respiration; and acetaldehyde and 1,4-dioxane, both of which are carcinogens. The plug-in air freshener contains more than 20 volatile organic compounds, with more than one third being classified as toxic or dangerous under federal law. Even air fresheners called "organic," "green," or with "essential oils" emit harmful chemicals, including carcinogens.
In 2009, Stanley M. Caress of the University of West Georgia and Anne C. Steinemann of the University of Washington published the results of two national epidemiological studies on the health effects of exposure to air fresheners. They found that nearly 20 percent of the general population and 34 percent of asthmatics reported headaches, difficulty breathing, or other health problems when exposed to air fresheners or perfumes.
Research at the University of Colorado at Boulder reveals a possible mechanism for the carcinogenic effects of some types of air fresheners.
Maintaining air quality
Eliminating sources of unpleasant odors reduces the likelihood that people will kiss them. Ventilation is also important to maintain indoor air quality and can help eliminate unpleasant odors. Simple cleaners such as white vinegar and baking soda, as well as natural absorbents such as activated charcoal and zeolite, effectively remove odors. Another solution is deodorizing that adapt to different types of odors. The result is odor-free air that is also pollution-free and safer for breathing. Some home plants can also help remove toxic substances from the air in building interiors.
History
Fragrances have been used to mask odors since antiquity. Various compounds have been used for the past two millennia for their ability to create pleasant aromas or eliminate unpleasant odors.
The first modern air freshener was introduced in 1948. Its function is based on military technology for removing insecticides and adapted into pressurized sprays using chlorofluorocarbon propellants (CFCs). This product produces a fine mist of aroma compounds that will remain hanging in the air for long periods of time. This type of product is becoming the industry standard and air freshener sales are experiencing tremendous growth. In the 1950s, many companies began adding chemicals that ostracized their fragrance formula. These chemicals, intended to neutralize or destroy odors, include unsaturated esters, pre-polymers, and long-chain aldehydes.
In the 1980s, air fresheners market shifted away from aerosols, due to concerns of ozone layer damage by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Many other refreshing air fresheners methods have become popular ever since, including under air fresheners wafer chairs, scented candles, reed diffusers, potpourri, and heat release products.
See also
- Deodorant
- Incense
- Small Trees
- Block of urinal deodorizer
- Lyral, sitronelal
- Wonder Wafer
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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