Perineum

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The perineum is the space between the anus and the scrotum in males and between the anus and the vulva in females. Perineum is the body region between the pubic symphysis (pubic arch) and the tail bone (the coccyx), including the perineal body and surrounding structures. There is some variability in how the boundaries are defined. The perianal regions ( peri - and anal ) are part of the perineum.

Perineum is a sexually sensitive zone for men and women. Perineal tears and episiotomy often occur during labor by first delivery, but the risk of this injury can be reduced by preparing the perineum, often through massage. The word perineum comes from the late Latin, from the Greek ???????? perineos perinaeon , peri - , around inein to exit or defecate.

Video Perineum

Structure

Perineum is generally defined as the surface area in males and females between the symphysis pubis and coccyx. Perineum under the pelvic diaphragm and between the legs. It is a diamond-shaped area that covers the anus and, in women, the vagina. This definition varies: it can only refer to the superficial structure of the region, or it can be used to include shallow and deep structures. Perineum corresponds to the pelvic outlet.

The line drawn across the surface connecting the ischial tuberosity divides the space into two triangles:

• An anterior urogenital triangle, containing a penis (male) or vagina (female)
• Posterior anal triangle containing anus

The perineal formal anatomical boundary can be said as:

• up front: the pubic arch and the arcuate ligament from the pubis
• on the back: coccyx end
• on both sides: inferior rami pubis and iskia tuberosity, and sacrotuberous ligaments
• superior: pelvic floor
• inferior: skin and fascia

Perineal body

The perineum body (or central tendon perineum ) is a pyramidal fibromuscular mass in the midline of the perineum at the junction between the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle. It is found in men and women. In men, it is found between the penis and the anus bulb; in women, is found between the vagina and anus, and about 1.25 cm in front of the latter.

The perineal body is essential for pelvic floor integrity, especially in women. The rupture during vaginal birth results in widening of the gap between the anterior free border of the levator ani muscles on both sides, thus affecting the woman for uterine, rectal, or even bladder prolapse.

At this point, the following muscles congregate and attach: 1. External anal sphincter 2. Bulbospongiosus muscle 3. Superficial cross-sectional perineal muscle 4. Anterior anterior levator ani 5. Fiber from male or female external urinary sphincter 6. Transverse perineal inner muscle

Fascia

The terminology of the perineal fascia can be confusing, and there is some controversy over the nomenclature. This comes from the fact that there are two parts of the fascia, the shallow and deep parts, and each can be divided into shallow and deep parts.

Layers and contents are as follows, from shallow to deep:

• 1) foreskin
• 2) superficial perineal fascia: Subcutaneous tissue is divided into two layers: (a) superficial fat layer, and (b) Colia fascia, deeper membrane layer.
• 3) deep perineal fascia and muscle:

• 4) pelvic floor fascia and muscles (levator ani, coccygeus)

Area

The perineal area may be considered as a distinct area of ​​the pelvic cavity, with two regions separated by the pelvic diaphragm. The following areas are classified as part of the perineal region:

• perineal pouch: shallow and deep (see above for details)
• ischioanal fossa - a space filled with fat on the lateral side of the anal canal. This is limited laterally by the internal obturator muscles, medial by the diaphragm of the pelvis and the anal canal. The bottom is the skin.
  • anal channels
  • pudendal channels - contain internal pudendal arteries and pudendal nerves.

Maps Perineum

Clinical interests

Extensive deformation of the pelvic floor structure occurs during vaginal delivery. Approximately 85% of women suffer from perineal trauma during vaginal delivery and require about 69% suture. Obstetric perineal trauma is a troubling event that significantly contributes to postpartum morbidity and women due to frustration after childbirth. In many women, labor trauma is manifested in old age when compensatory mechanisms from the pelvic floor become weak make the problem more serious among the elderly population.

Anogenital distance is the measure of the distance between the anus and the base of the penis or vagina. Studies show that the human perineum is twice as long in men as in women. Measuring anogenital distance in neonatal humans has been suggested as a noninvasive method for determining male feminization and thus predicting neonatal and adult reproductive disorders.

Excessive repair of the perineum after delivery, using so-called "husband seam" to increase vaginal stiffness can cause or aggravate pain during intercourse.

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Society and culture

There are a number of American slang terms commonly used for this area of ​​the human body, such as "stains."

Additional images

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See also

• 101 Vagina
• The perineal sac in
• the Erogenous zone
• Femalia
• Intimate
section
• Start Bandha
• Pelvic floor
• Perineal raphe
• Classification of perineal rips
• Tactile Imagery

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References

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External links

• Perineum at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)

Source of the article : Wikipedia