The oxygen mask provides a method for transferring respiratory oxygen gas from the storage tank to the lungs. Oxygen masks can only cover the nose and mouth (oral nose mask) or the whole face (full face mask). They may be made of plastic, silicone, or rubber.
In certain circumstances, oxygen can be transmitted through the nasal cannula instead of the mask.
Video Oxygen mask
Masker oksigen plastik medis
Medical plastic oxygen masks are used primarily by medical treatment providers for oxygen therapy because they can be disposed of and thus reduce cleaning costs and infection risks. Mask designs can determine the accuracy of oxygen delivered by various medical situations that require oxygen treatment. Oxygen naturally occurs in the room air at 21% and a higher percentage is often important in medical care. Oxygen in this higher percentage is classified as a drug with too much oxygen that is potentially harmful to the patient's health, resulting in oxygen dependence over time, and in extreme conditions of patient blindness. For this reason oxygen therapy is closely monitored. Mask is light and attached using elastic headband or ear loop. They are transparent because they allow faces to be seen for patient assessment by healthcare providers, and reduce the claustrophobic sensation experienced by some patients when wearing oxygen masks. Most patients undergoing surgery at some stage will wear oxygen masks; they may use a nasal cannula but the oxygen administered in this way is less accurate and limited in concentration.
Maps Oxygen mask
Silicone and rubber mask
Silicone and rubber oxygen masks are heavier than plastic masks. They are designed to provide a good seal for long-term use by aviators, medical research subjects, and hyperbaric chambers and other patients requiring the administration of pure oxygen, such as carbon monoxide poisoning and decompression victims. Dr. Arthur H. Bulbulian pioneered the first modern oxygen mask worthy of use by World War II pilots and used by hospitals. The valves inside this tight mask control the gas flow in and out of the mask, so the rebreathing of the gas is exhaled.
Hose and tube and oxygen regulator
Hoses or tubes connect the oxygen mask to the oxygen supply. The hose is larger in diameter than the tubing and can allow a larger oxygen flow. When the hose is used it may have a ribbed or wavy design to allow bending of the hose while preventing twisting and cutting off the flow of oxygen. The quantity of oxygen sent from the storage tank to the oxygen mask is controlled by a valve called a regulator. Some types of oxygen masks have a plastic or rubber breathing bag attached to a mask or oxygen supply hose to store the oxygen supply to allow deep breathing without removing oxygen by using a simple fixed flow regulator.
Oxygen masks for aviators
History
In early 1919, high altitude oxygen systems used vacuum tubes of liquid oxygen to supply two people for one hour at a height of 15,000 feet (4,600 m). The liquid passes through several stages of heating before use, as expansion when evaporated, and absorbs latent heat of evaporation, will make the oxygen so cold that it can cause instant frostbite of the lung.
The first successful creation for oxygen masks is by Dr. Arthur Bulbulian, born in Armenia, in the field of face prosthetics, in 1941.
Many aviator oxygen mask designs contain a microphone for sending speeches to other crew members and to the radio of the aircraft. The military aviator oxygen mask has facial pieces covering some sides of the face and protects the face from burns, flying particles, and high-speed airflow effects that crash into the face during emergency evacuations from aircraft with lontar or parachute seats. They are often part of a pressure suit or intended for use with a flight helmet.
Rule
Three main types of oxygen masks are used by pilots and crews that fly at high altitudes: continuous flow, dilution demand, and pressure demand.
In continuous current system , oxygen is given to the user continuously. It does not matter if the user exhaling or inhaling oxygen flowing from the moment the system is activated. Beneath the oxygen mask is a rebreather pouch that collects oxygen during respiration and as a result allows higher flow rates during the inhalation cycle.
Diluter-demand and pressure requests provide oxygen only when the user inhales. They each need a good seal between the mask and the user's face.
In the demand-driven system, as elevation (ambient pressure, and therefore partial oxygen partial pressure decreases), the oxygen flow increases in such a way that the oxygen partial pressure is approximately constant. A diluted oxygen system can be used up to 40,000 feet (12,000 m).
In the demand-pressure system, the oxygen in the mask is above ambient pressure, allowing breathing above 40,000 feet (12,000 m). Since the pressure inside the mask is greater than the pressure around the user's torso, inhalation is easy, but breathing requires more effort. The pilots were trained in pressure-demand breathing in altitude chambers. Because they close, pressure-demand-type oxygen masks are also used in hyperbaric oxygen chambers and for oxygen breathing research projects with standard oxygen regulators.
Additional oxygen is required to fly more than 30 minutes at a cabin pressure height of 12,500 feet or higher, the pilot must use oxygen at all times above 14,000 feet and each occupant should be given additional oxygen above 15,000 feet.
Flight passenger mask and emergency oxygen system
Most commercial aircraft are equipped with oxygen masks to use when cabin pressure fails. In general, the commercial aircraft is pressurized so that the air of the cabin is at a pressure equivalent to a height of no more than 8,000 feet (2,400 m) (usually a lower altitude), where one can breathe normally without an oxygen mask. If the oxygen pressure in the cabin falls below the safe level, the risk of hypoxia, the compartment containing the oxygen mask will open automatically, either above or in front of the passenger and crew seats, and in the restroom.
In the early years of commercial aviation, before the pressurized cabin was found, airplane passengers sometimes had to wear oxygen masks during routine flights.
Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
Firefighters and emergency service personnel use full face masks that provide respiratory air and eye and face protection. This mask is usually attached to a tank carried behind the wearer and is called a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). SCBA open circuits usually do not supply oxygen, as it is not required and is a fire hazard. SCBA rebreather usually supplies oxygen because this is the lightest and most compact option, and uses a simpler mechanism than other rebreather types.
Special mask for astronauts
Special full-face masks that supply oxygen or other breathing gases are used by astronauts to remove nitrogen from their blood before walking in space (EVA).
Special mask for pets
A special muzzle mask that supplies oxygen to revive family pets has been donated to fire the department.
Delivery of oxygen to diver
Divers use only pure oxygen to accelerate decompression, or from oxygen rebreathers in shallow depths where the risk of acute oxygen toxicity is acceptable. The supply of oxygen during decompression in the water is done through rebreather, open circuit regulator, full face mask or a dive helmet that has been prepared for oxygen service.
Respiratory system installed
Oxygen supply to divers in the decompression chamber is preferred through the built-in respiratory system, which uses an oxygen mask inserted into the supply and exhaust hose that supplies oxygen from outside the room, and releases oxygen-rich gases released outdoors, using an equivalent system with two request valves, one upstream diver, to supply oxygen on demand, and other downstream, to release exhaled gas on demand, so that indoor oxygen partial pressure is limited to a relatively safe level. If an oxygen mask is used that is dumped into the chamber, space air should be frequently replaced to keep oxygen levels within safe operating limits.
Anesthesia oxygen mask
Anesthesia mask is a face mask designed to provide an anesthetic gas to the patient through inhalation. Anesthesia masks are made of anti-static silicone or rubber, because static electricity sparks can trigger some of the anesthetic gas. They are either black rubber or clear silicone. Anesthetic mask is attached to the mouth and nose and has a double hose system. One hose carries inhalation anesthetic gas to the mask and the other carries an anesthetic gas exhaled back to the machine. The anesthesia mask has 4 headband straps that are securely fit on the head to hold the mask in place as the anaethesia doctor controls the gas and oxygen inhaled.
Mask for high altitude climbers
Oxygen masks are used by high peak climbers such as Mt. Everest. Due to severe cold and severe conditions an oxygen mask for use at extreme altitudes must be strong and effective. The oxygen storage tank used with a mask (called an oxygen bottle) is made of a high-strength light metal and coated with high-strength fibers such as kevlar. This particular oxygen bottle is filled with oxygen at very high pressures which gives longer duration of oxygen to breathe than standard oxygen-pressure bottles. This system is generally only used above 7,000 meters (23,000 feet).
In recent years, the oxygen mask system for high altitude climbing that continuously pumps oxygen has been increasingly replaced by systems that supply oxygen on demand through the nasal cannula.
Oxygen helmet
Oxygen helmets are used in the hyperbaric oxygen chamber for oxygen delivery. They are lightweight transparent plastic helmets with seals that surround the wearer's neck that looks like a space helmet. They offer a good visual field. A lightweight plastic hose provides oxygen to the helmet and releases exhaled gas outdoors. Oxygen helmets are often preferred for oxygen delivery in hyperbaric oxygen chambers for children and uncomfortable patients wearing oxygen masks.
System retention mask
Medical oxygen masks are held in place by medical personnel or users by hand, or they may be equipped with a light elastic headband so that the mask can be removed quickly. Full-face masks are secured with multiple straps. A very fitting oxygen mask is secured at four points with two head straps. Masks-aviator masks are often equipped with a "quick don" harness that allows those on a pressurized plane to quickly wear a mask in an emergency. Military aviator mask mask is secured to the flight helmet with a fast release system.
See also
- Full face diving mask
- Nasal kanula
- Oxygen therapy
- Hyperbaric oxygen therapy
- Oxygen tents
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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