A dermoid cyst is a teratoma of the cystic nature that contains various adult tissues that progressively develop. It often consists of skin, hair follicles, and sweat glands, while other commonly found components include long hair clumps, sebum pouch, blood, fat, bones, nails, teeth, eyes, cartilage, and thyroid tissue.
Because dermoid cysts grow slowly and contain adult tissue, this type of cystic teratoma is almost always benign. In rare cases where dermoid cysts are malignant, squamous cell carcinomas usually develop in adults, while infants and children usually present with endodermal sinus tumors.
Video Dermoid cyst
Location
Because of this classification, dermoid cysts can occur wherever teratomas occur.
Dermoid and ovarian cysts
The ovaries usually grow structures such as cysts called follicles every month. After the egg is released from its follicles during ovulation, the follicle usually deflates. Sometimes fluid accumulates in the follicle, forming a simple cyst (containing only liquids). The majority of these functional cysts resolve spontaneously.
While all ovarian cysts can range in size from very small to large enough, dermoid cysts are not classified as functional cysts. Dermoid cysts are derived from the totipotential germ cells (which are present at birth) that differentiate abnormally, develop the characteristics of mature skin cells. Complications exist, such as torsion, rupture, and infection, although the incidence is rare. Dermoid ovarian cysts are a larger complication that may require removal by laparoscopy or laparotomy (traditional surgery). Rarely, dermoid cysts can develop in the vagina.
periorbital dermoid cyst
Dermoid cysts can appear in small children, often near the lateral aspect of the eyebrow (the right part of the right eyebrow or left part of the left eyebrow). Depending on the amount of perceived risk, this is sometimes cut or simply kept under observation.
An inflammatory reaction may occur if the dermoid cyst is compromised, and the cyst may recur if it is not actually excised. Sometimes a complete excision is impractical if the cyst is in a dumbbell configuration, where it extends through the stitching line on the skull.
If the dermoid cyst appears in the medial aspect, the likelihood of encephalocele becomes greater and should be considered among the differential diagnoses.
Dermoid cysts develop during pregnancy. They occur when the skin cells and things like hair, sweat glands, oil glands or fatty tissue trapped in the skin as the baby grows in the womb. Dermoid cysts are present at birth (congenital) and often occur. It can be months or years before dermoid cysts are seen in children because the cysts grow slowly.
Symptoms of small dermoid cysts and cysts are usually painless. They are not harmful to the health of the child. If they are infected, the infection should be treated and the cyst should be removed. It is easier to remove cysts and prevent scars if the cyst is removed before infection.
Spinal dermoid cyst
The dermoid cyst of the spine is a benign ectopic growth that is considered as a consequence of embryological error during the closure of the neural tube. Their reported incidence is very rare, accounting for less than 1% of intramedullary spinal tumor tumors. It has been suggested that the possibility of 180 cases of spinal dermoid tumors has been identified over the last century in the literature.
Dermoid cysts more often involve the lumbosacral region than the thoracic vertebrae and are an extramedullary manifestation in the first decade of life.
Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of spinal spermatozoa, originally obtainable or congenital.
- The acquired or iatrogenic dermoid may arise from implantation of the epidermal tissue into the subdural space of spinal cord inclusion, during needle puncture (eg lumbar puncture) or during surgical procedure at the closure of dysraphic malformation.
- Congenital dermoids, however, are thought to arise from cells of true position but fail to differentiate into the correct cell type. Long-held belief is that the entry of skin's ectodermal cells occurs early in embryonic life, and the replaced pluripotent cells develop into dermoid lesions.
Spinal abnormalities, eg. intramedullary dermoid cysts may appear more frequently in the lumbosacral region (quite often at the medullary cone level) and may be seen with other congenital anomalies of the spine including the posterior spina bifida occult as identified by neuroradiologic analysis.
Maps Dermoid cyst
Diagnosis
Ultrasound shows echogenic mass in cysts consisting of hair, teeth and fat, dermoid plugs can be seen..
Differential diagnosis
Small dermoid cysts in the coccyx can be difficult to distinguish from a pilonidal cyst. This is partly because both can be full of hair. Pilonidal cysts are inhibited pononal sinuses. Any teratoma near the surface of the body can develop a sinus or fistula, or even a group of these. Like the Canadian Football League linebacker Tyrone Jones, the teratoma was discovered when he blew his teeth off his nose.
Treatment
Treatment for dermoid cysts is a complete removal surgery, preferably in one piece and without spillage of the contents of the cyst. Marsupialisation, a surgical technique often used to treat pilonidal cysts, is unsuitable for dermoid cysts because of the risk of malignancy.
The association of dermoid cysts with pregnancy has been increasingly reported. They usually present the dilemma of weighing the risks of surgery and anesthesia versus the risk of untreated adnexal masses. Most references suggest that it is more feasible to treat bilateral dermoid cysts from ovaries found during pregnancy if they grow beyond 6 cm in diameter.
See also
- Sinus dermoid, better known as pilonidal cyst
- Trichilemmal cyst proliferation
- List of skin conditions
References
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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