Body donations , anatomical contributions, or body gifts are donations throughout the body after death for research and education. The donated body is mostly used for medical education and research. They are used for dirty anatomy, surgical anatomy and for continuing medical education. For years, only medical schools received the body for donations, but now private programs also receive donors. Depending on the needs of the program for body donations, some programs receive donors of different specifications.
Body donors are important to understanding the human body and to make progress in science. There is usually no cost to donate body to science; donation programs will often provide pocket money and/or cover the cost of cremation or burial after the donated body has fulfilled its purpose and returned to the family for the funeral.
Everyone who wants to donate their bodies can do so through a judged body program. Donors may be required, but not always, to make prior arrangements with local medical school, university, or body donation program before death. Individuals may request an approval form, and will be informed of the policies and procedures that will occur after a potential donor has died.
The contribution of anatomy is still relatively rare, and in an effort to increase this donation, many countries have instituted programs and regulations around donations of corpses or body parts. For example, in some states in the United States and for an academic-based program, one must make a decision to donate their own left before death; a decision can not be made by a power of attorney. If a person decides not to donate his entire body, or they can not afford it, there is another form of donation through which one can donate his body to science after death, such as organ donation and network donation.
Video Body donation
Religion
Many religions show support for anatomical contributions. Hinduism, Buddhism, Muslims, and Christians all support the idea of ​​body donation and or organ donation for the betterment of the world. The support of these religions is very important in many parts of the world because many people are actively practicing these religions.
Maps Body donation
India
In 1948, the Anatomy Law was passed in all Indian states. This allows the body to be donated by donors and bodies to be claimed for medical and research use if there is no claim to a person's body within 48 hours. Similar to the US, India also has specific guidelines for receiving agencies for donations. Donations that are considered inappropriate include the body with HIV/AIDS, hepatitis (A, B, and C), donated organs, extreme BMI, or skin diseases.
Some leaders have donated their bodies for medical research, such as communist leader Jyoti Basu and leader Jana Sangh, Nanaji Deshmukh. Today, many people in India donate their bodies after death by signing an appointment form with the two signature witnesses that accompany it.
United Kingdom
Donor bodies in the United Kingdom are governed by the Human Tissue Authority (HTA) under the auspices of the Human Tissue Act 2004. HTA licenses and examines companies, such as medical schools, that teach anatomy using donated bodies. Under the Human Network Act, written consent must be given before death; consent can not be given by others after death. The minimum age to approve donating a person's body in the UK is 17.
The Human Network Authority informs donors about where they can contribute and answer many of the common questions related to network donations on their websites. The Human Network Authority provides links to each company's information, but each company has its own guidance for agency donations. HTA also provides tools to locate local donation sites to people who want to donate their bodies or networks.
Although most companies receive most donations, donors who have undergone an autopsy may be rejected from the program. Certain programs may also reject donor agencies who have died abroad.
United States
Only the immediate family of the deceased can give the necessary consent for the donation if the donor does not give it to a special acceptance program before death.
Body donations are not regulated through licenses and inspections by the federal government and most states. However, the United States House Bill 5318 was introduced on July 31, 2014 under the Committee on Energy and Commerce. If passed, Health and Human Services will supervise the industry. Every entity (including the US Medical School) is subject to this law if the network crosses the state line.
Body brokers (or non-transplant network banks) are involved in the acquisition of corpses, often through free cremation offers, and then processing corpses and reselling body parts in a largely unregulated national market.
The legal right for an individual to choose a donation body is governed by the Anatomy Uniform Rewards Act, most of which has been adopted by most states. Laws pertaining to the transportation and disposition of the human body are currently in force, regardless of the recently introduced Bill House.
The American Association of Tissue Banks (AATB) provides accreditation for research and educational programs of non-transplant bank networks to establish that the level of medical, technical and administrative performance meets or exceeds the standards set by AATB. All donations of the body and non-transplant banking networks remain an industry with limited regulation, and although that is not a legal requirement, accreditation is possible for individuals who choose to donate their bodies to medical research or educational programs to select the program with the highest quality standards.
The American Association of Medical Education and Research (AMERA) is a national accrediting body recognized by colleagues in the United States that provides accreditation to organizations using standards developed solely for non-transplant organizations. These include whole-body donor organizations, university anatomy programs, bio-repository programs, and end users of human tissue. AMERA encourages industry to become accredited and involved in setting standards relevant to non-clinical network organizations.
Many medical programs in the United States now hold student-led memorial services for donated bodies. This is to show respect for donors and their families, and to shine a positive light on the process of donating the body.
There are many personal agency donation programs in the US. Each of these private programs receives the body from certain surrounding areas. Most programs also have body guidelines that they will and will not receive. Generally, the program will not receive a positive body for Hepatitis (A, B, and C), HIV/AIDS, history of illegal drug use, or fall into the extreme category for their BMI. The embalming process adds more weight to the donor body, so if they have a high BMI, the program should not take it because they can not handle the weight of the donor after embalming. If a donor has a specific disease before death, which is not contagious, and wants to be part of the program studies, they can contact the research program in particular.
German
Body disposal and donations are regulated by the state's statutory bestattungsgesetze (funeral). In Germany, the right to autonomy extends beyond death, as a result of instruction given by people who died during their lives should be respected when dealing with their bodies. Body donations can only occur if the deceased person signs the final declaration of their life, stating the intention of donating their body to the anatomical institution. Relatives of the deceased can not grant permission or refuse the body's contribution to the declaration, but the agency may deny the body. A denial of the body may occur if it carries an infectious disease, has had an organ or body part taken for donation or surgery, seriously injured or unfit to be taught, if the body is too far away from the institute or for storage capacity reasons.. Most agencies require a down payment to be paid to pay for funeral expenses.
The motive behind the decision
The decision to become a body donor is influenced by factors such as: social awareness, cultural attitudes and body contribution perceptions, cultural attitudes and perceptions of death, religion, and perception of mind-body relationships. Studies show that most donors are primarily driven by altruism and their desire to help advance medical knowledge and become useful after death. Other reasons include helping future generations, expressing gratitude for life and good health or for the medical field, to avoid funerals or to avoid wastage.
Offering financial incentives as a way to increase the number of donors or in recognition of donors is generally considered to reduce donation actions and serve as a deterrent. However, a US study showed a positive correlation between figures of body donations and the cost savings of funeral closures offered as compensation showed that, in fact, additional incentives could be a persuasive factor for donors.
Donor use
Many of the bodies donated to any organization are used for scientific research and medical training. Many bodies are used to teach anatomy of medical students, but they are also used to improve and create new medical technology. Many of the programs that receive donations of the body have certain research affiliations, this can be seen by looking at the website of each program. These can include cancer research, Alzheimer's research, and research to improve surgery.
Below is an example of a study conducted with the donated agency:
- Arthritis
- Cancer
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Diabetes
- Hip Replacement
- Knee Replacement
- Neurological Conditions
- Paramedical Training
- Shoulder Replacement
- Spine Disorders
- Tumor Appointment
Some programs receive the whole body but distribute different body parts based on need. This ensures the maximum benefit of each donation. These programs can assist research as shown above, technical training, or medical device research/improvement.
Once the body is accepted for donation, a period of six months to three years is expected before the donor body will be returned to the family. This takes into account embalming, research, and the number of agencies accessed by the program at the time.
References
External links
- "List of AATB Accredited Networks of Non-Transition Networks and Whole Body Programs". AATB .
- "List of Body Donation Programs in the United States". med.ufl.edu .
- "List of academic and non-academic academic donation programs with detailed info for the academic". finalrights.org .
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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