Allis-Chalmers is a US machine manufacturer for various industries. Its business lines include agricultural equipment, construction equipment, power generation and power transmission equipment, and machinery for use in industrial settings such as factories, mills, sawmills, textile mills, steel mills, refineries, mines and ore mills. The first Allis-Chalmers company was formed in 1901 as a merger of Edward P. Allis Company (steam engine and plant equipment), Fraser & amp; Chalmers (mining and ore milling equipment), Gates Iron Works (stone and cement milling equipment), and industrial business lines from Dickson Manufacturing Company (engine and compressor). It was reorganized in 1912 as Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company . Over the next 70 years, its industrial machinery filled many factories, mines and factories in different parts of the world, and its brand gained fame among consumers largely from the original tractors of its farm equipment and silver combined harvests. In the 1980s and 1990s a series of divestments transformed the company and eventually dissolved it. His successors today are Allis-Chalmers Energy and AGCO.
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Writer-photographer Randy Leffingwell (1993) correctly summarizes the origin and character of the company. He observes that "grow by acquiring and consolidating innovation" from various small companies and building on it; and he went on to say that "Metal and machine work is a common background, financial success and failure bring them together."
Former marketing executive Walter M. Buescher (1991) says that Allis-Chalmers "were a conglomerate before the word was created." Whether or not it is true that Allis-Chalmers precedes the feeling of a "conglomerate" which means a very diverse parent company, Buescher points apply: Allis-Chalmers, regardless of the general theme of machines, are the incorporation of various business lines, each with a unique market, started in an era when consolidation in industry became fashion but the industry in was not common.
1800 to 1901
Edward P. Allis was an entrepreneur who in 1860 bought a bankrupt company at a sheriff's auction, Reliance Works of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, owned by James Decker and Charles Seville. Decker & amp; Seville is a millwrights making equipment for flour milling. Under the management of Allis, the company was revived and "started producing steam engines and other plant equipment only when many sawmills and mills turned into steam power." Despite the financial panic of 1873 "capturing Edward Allis excessively" and forcing him into bankruptcy, "his own reputation saves him and reorganization comes quickly," forming Edward P. Allis Company. Leffingwell said, "He started recruiting a well-known expert: George Hinkley, who perfected the band, William Gray, who revolutionized the process of flour milling through rolling rollers, and Edwin Reynolds, who runs the Corliss Steam Engine works." Allis died in 1889, but under his sons (Charles Allis and William Allis) and other principals, the company continued to grow, and by 1900 had developed into one of the largest steam engine builders in America.
Thomas Chalmers was a Scottish immigrant to America who came to the US around 1842. In 1844 he was in Chicago, Illinois, and had found work with P.W. Gates, whose foundry and clerk shop produces plows, carts, and flour milling equipment. Gates Company "built the first steam-operated sawmill in the country as Chicago is the country's premier producer of milled wood." In 1872, Thomas Chalmers founded Fraser & amp; Chalmers must produce mining machinery, boilers, and pumps. In 1880, the steam engine was part of the product line and by 1890, the company had become one of the largest manufacturers of mining equipment in the world. Thomas Chalmers's son, William James Chalmers, was president of the company from about 1890 to 1901. Meanwhile, Gates Iron Works, with the involvement of the Chalmers family, has been a crushing, pulverizer, and stone grinding and other cement producer.
Another Scottish immigrant family, the Dickson family, came to Canada and the United States in the 1830s. In 1852, they had arranged a small machine shop and foundry (Dickson & Company) in Scranton, Pennsylvania. In 1856 Thomas Dickson became president, and in 1862 the firm was incorporated as a Dickson Manufacturing Company. In 1900 they built boilers, steam engines, locomotives, internal combustion engines, blowers, and air compressors.
With 1901 principals from Edward P. Allis, Fraser & amp; Chalmers, and Gates company have decided to merge their company. Edwin Reynolds believes Allis can take control of the industrial machinery business. In May 1901, Allis-Chalmers Company was formed. It acquired the Dickson industrial machinery business. Dickson's locomotive business rolled into the consolidation of new locomotive, American Locomotive Company (ALCO).
1901-1911
The managing director of the new company is Charles Allis, his brother William is chairman of the board, and William J. Chalmers is deputy managing director. Shortly after the merger was completed, a new factory was built in the western area of ​​Milwaukee which came to be known as the Northern Greenfield. In 1902, with this new plant, the place was renamed West Allis, Wisconsin.
By combining its constituent companies, Allis-Chalmers offers a variety of pyrometallurgic equipment, such as blast furnaces and converters for grilling, smelting and refining; ore milling equipment, various types of crusher and pulverizer, including stamp factories, roller mills, ball mills, conical plants, stem factories, and milling plants; cyanidation factory and other concentration factory; lifting machine; cars, including passing cars, slag cars, and general mining cars; briquette factory; and pumps, tanks, boilers, compressors, hydraulic accumulators, pipes, valves, filters and conveyors required in this product. Like other companies that build capital equipment for industrial companies, the company also provides consulting, advisory and training services, such as helping mining companies to design factories, to build buildings and prepare their machines, and to teach employees how to use and maintain.
In 1903, Allis-Chalmers acquired the Bullock Power Company in Cincinnati, Ohio, which added steam turbines to the Allis-Chalmers power plant business line.
1912-1919
In 1912, the Allis-Chalmers Company was in financial trouble, so it was reorganized. It was renamed Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company, and Otto Falk, former Brigadier General of Wisconsin National Guard, was appointed to play it. Falk pushes for new products and new or expanded markets. Falk sees great growth potential in agricultural mechanization, which at that time is blooming across America. The first Allis-Chalmers farm tractor, 10-18, Models 6-12, and Model 15-30, developed and marketed between 1914 and 1919, and the agricultural implementation line expanded.
1920s
As also happens in the period 1900-1920, Roaring Twenties is a great time for consolidation and even business conglomerates around the world. This is also a very strong mechanization time on North American farms. At Allis-Chalmers, 1920 brought more tractors, such as 18-30, 12-20, 15-25, and United/Model U tractors.
Inventor and renowned engineer Nikola Tesla spent the period 1919-1922 working in Milwaukee for Allis-Chalmers.
In 1926, Falk hired Harry Merritt, who would be a senior executive in the Allis-Chalmers tractor business for many years. Merritt had worked in the sales and marketing of a variety of agricultural and construction equipment brands, most recently Holt, when Falk hired him. Buescher, who worked under Merritt, praised Merritt by turning the ill-fated Allis-Chalmers agricultural equipment business and turning it into a major profit center for the parent company. He said, "Some say that General Falk pulled Harry Merritt to Milwaukee to liquidate the sick tractor's division, others said that he was taken to breathe new life into a near-death and unfortunate operation.Even if the first judgment is correct, the second proved to be the way it changed. [...] Upon the arrival of Merritt, the image of the profits changed.The business of agricultural equipment proved to be a financial savior for the company. [...] From almost nothing in 1927, Merritt saw the percentage of agricultural equipment business only reaching sixty percent of the company's sales. "
Also in 1926, Allis-Chalmers acquired Nordyke Marmon & amp; The Indianapolis, Indiana, maker of flour milling equipment. In 1927, he acquired the Pittsburgh Transformer Company, a maker of electrical transformers.
In 1928, Allis-Chalmers acquired the Monarch Tractor Company in Springfield, Illinois, increasing the line of crawler tractors. In 1929, he acquired La Crosse Plow Works of La Crosse, Wisconsin. The La Crosse Plow Works has a good quality plow and a variety of desired tools, which now extend the Allis-Chalmers application path. Also in 1929, Harry Merritt was in California when a bright orange opium flower inspired him to think about the use of vibrant colors in marketing. The brightly colored objects that can be seen from afar have potential in the marketing of agricultural equipment. He immediately changed the color of Allis-Chalmers tractor paint to Persian Orange, a paint color available that he felt very similar to California's poppy color. So began the tradition of orange Allis-Chalmers tractors. Various competitors would follow over the next decade, as the International Harvester switched to all-red (1936), Minneapolis-Moline switched to Prairie Gold (late 1930s), and Case switched to Flambeau Red (late 1930s). John Deere already has a distinctive color scheme with bright green and yellow colors.
In 1928, Henry Ford canceled US production of Fordson. This disturbs the business of many companies: agricultural equipment dealers selling Fordsons and aftermarket equipment makers whose attachments are designed to be installed in Fordsons (for example, Gleaner combines from the 1920s installed in Fordsons, and many Fordson industrial tractors use aftermarket attachments). Many of these companies formed a conglomerate in 1928 called United Tractor & amp; Equipment company. United arranged an agreement with Allis-Chalmers to build a tractor to replace the lost Fordson. Around 1930, the United conglomerate collapsed. The reasons given by various authors are disagreements between investors, the beginning of the Great Depression, and the fact that Ford Motor Company Ltd of the United Kingdom, which continued Fordson's line independently of the US Ford company, began exporting the new Fordsons to America. United Tractor becomes Allis-Chalmers Model U.
1930s
The 1930s was a very important decade. Despite the Great Depression, Allis-Chalmers succeeded as demand for its engines continued.
In 1931, he acquired Advance-Rumely of La Porte, Indiana, largely because Merritt wanted a 24-branch network of companies and about 2,500 dealers, which would greatly improve the marketing and sales of Allis-Chalmers in the agricultural equipment business. Also in 1931, the company's electrical equipment business expanded through acquisitions when Brown, Boveri & amp; Cie, in an emergency because of the Depression, sold the US electricity operations to Allis-Chalmers. After 1931 Allis-Chalmers is the licensee for the sale of European products Brown, Boveri & amp; Cie.
In 1932, Allis-Chalmers collaborated with Firestone to introduce pneumatic rubber tires to tractors. This innovation quickly spread throughout the industry, because (for many surprised farmers) increased traction strength and fuel economy in the range of 10% to 20%. In just 5 years, pneumatic rubber tires have replaced the bent steel wheels in about half of all tractors sold throughout the industry. The preserved steel remained an optional equipment in the 1940s. Also in 1932, Allis-Chalmers acquired Ryan Manufacturing Company, which added various grader models to the line of construction equipment.
In 1933, Allis-Chalmers introduced his WC Model, a first-generation plant-line tractor, which would be the best-selling tractor ever. In 1937, the second generation lighter and more affordable second-line plant, Model B, arrived, and also became the top seller. Its All-Crop Harvester is the market leader in tensile type combinations (tractors).
In October 1937, Allis-Chalmers was one of fourteen major electrical manufacturing companies that went to court to change the way trade unions excluded contractors and products in the building trade through the use of the Men and Means Clause. The actions of Allis-Chalmers and others ultimately resulted in the decision of the US Supreme Court on June 18, 1945, ending certain union practices in violation of the Antiprust Sherman Act.
1940s
World War II caused Allis-Chalmers, like most other manufacturing companies, to be very busy. As is the case with many companies, its civil product line has been "resistant", with an emphasis on parts and services to keep existing machines running, but the production of its warfare equipment is pushed to maximum productivity and output. In the late 1930s to the mid-1940s, Allis-Chalmers made machines for naval vessels, such as the Liberty steam engine, steam turbines, generators, and electric motors; tractors and artillery tractors for other army purposes; electrical switch and control; and other products. Allis-Chalmers is also one of many companies contracted to build equipment for the Manhattan Project. His experience in mining and milling machines makes it a logical choice for uranium mining and processing equipment. Allis-Chalmers was ranked 45th among US companies in the value of wartime military production contracts.
As soon as the war ended, in 1945-1946, Allis-Chalmers experienced a crippling 11-month labor strike. Buescher believes that the company has never fully recovered from the impact of this strike. This seems debatable given the successes of Allis-Chalmers over the next thirty years, including prosperity in the agricultural equipment business of the 1950s and 1960s. But it certainly gives competitors a chance to grab market share.
In 1948, the WC Model was upgraded with new features and became the WD Model, another top seller. WD is a milestone for the company. These include fully independent takeoff forces, which are supported by two clutch systems. It also includes the power of adjusting the rear wheels, which became the industry standard. The production of this model continued into 1953, with nearly 150,000 tractors produced.
1950s
The 1950s were a time of great demand for more power in agricultural tractors, as well as greater capabilities of their hydraulic and electrical systems. It was also a decade of extensive dieselization, from railroad locomotives to agricultural tractors and construction equipment. In 1953, Allis-Chalmers acquired the Buda Engine Company of Harvey, Illinois. Allis wants Buda for its diesel engine line, because its previous supplier, Detroit Diesel, is a division of General Motors, which recently acquired Euclid's heavy equipment company now makes it a competitor to Allis-Chalmers for the construction equipment business. Model Buda-Lanova re-baptized line machine "Allis-Chalmers Diesel". Diesel engineers are busy during subsequent years updating and expanding the line.
In 1952, the company acquired Laplant-Choate, which added various models of scrapers to the line of construction equipment.
In 1953, WD-45 was introduced, replacing WD. The motor was upgraded to 226 cubic inches, giving it 30 horsepower on the drawbar on Nebraska Tests. This is almost double the horsepower of WD. A new Allis chalmers designed Snap-Coupler hitch is used. This allows the operator to connect to the tool from the tractor seat. Buda diesel-powered WD-45 was introduced in 1955. This series remained manufactured until the launch of the D-series in 1957.
In 1955, the company acquired Gleaner Manufacturing Company, which is an important step for the business of combine harvester. Allis is the market leader in a combination of pull type (tractor), with its Harvester All-Crop line. But getting Gleaner means that now will also be a leader in self-propelled machines, and it will have two leading brands in the merger. The Gleaner line added (and subsequently replaced) the Harvester All-Crop line, and for several years Gleaner's profits made almost all of Allis-Chalmers' profits. Gleaners continued to be produced at the same plant, in Independence, Missouri, after the acquisition.
In 1957, Allis-Chalmers D tractor was introduced. He enjoyed great success over the next decade.
In 1959, Allis-Chalmers acquired the French company Vendeuvre. Also in 1959, the company acquired Tractomotive Corporation of Deerfield, Illinois, which has partnered with additional equipment suppliers for at least a decade.
In Haycraft's history of the construction equipment business (2000), he expressed the view that Allis-Chalmers relied too long to partner with additional equipment suppliers, and acquired them, rather than investing in product development within the company. In his view, this strategy limits the company's success in this business, and ultimately has to spend its development money. Buescher's comments on the acquisition of Buda and the need for further improvements of its design seem to reinforce this view. However, the topic is multivariate and complex; elsewhere in his memoirs, Buescher presents a point of view in which investment in product research and development is an expensive step that often does not work for innovators and largely benefits competing clones.
1960s and 1970s
In 1960, the US government found efforts to form a cartel in the heavy electrical equipment industry. It imposes 13 companies, including the largest in the industry (Westinghouse, General Electric, and Allis-Chalmers), with pricing and tender offerings. Most pretended not to be guilty, but Allis-Chalmers pleaded guilty. Although one motive for cartel formation is for a profitable company to try to be profitable, it does not apply in this case, according to Buescher; on the contrary, his view of a heavy electrical cartel effort is a desperate (and stupid) attempt to turn red ink into black ink amid fierce competition.
Series D continued to succeed in the 1960s. The factory-mounted turbocharger on the D19 is the first in the industry. Soon followed by 190 and 190 XT, which is a direct competitor to Model John Deere 4020 with 98 horsepower (factory rating).
In 1965, Allis-Chalmers acquired Simplicity for its grass and garden tools. Also that year, the SAFARI-1 nuclear reactor, a research reactor built by Allis-Chalmers, began operations.
In the 1960s, agricultural equipment, construction equipment, and heavy electrical industries were unfavorable to Allis-Chalmers as it did in the 1930s to the 1950s. Reasonable prosperity continues in the line of agricultural equipment, but the economies of all industries are shifting toward greater uncertainty and brittler success for companies that are not number one or two in the field. Allis-Chalmers are often number three or four, as Deere and the Harvester International lead in agricultural machinery, Caterpillar and Case lead in construction, and Westinghouse and General Electric lead in the heavy electricity market. In the late 1960s, conglomeration trends flared, as large conglomerates like Ling-Temco-Vought, Gulf Western, and White Consolidated Industries continued to buy sprees. Some of the takeover efforts by the companies were done in Allis-Chalmers. It was during the same era and business climate that earned Tenneco Case.
In 1960, Allis-Chalmers built the first grate-kiln ore pellet plant at the Humboldt mine in Michigan. The company eventually built about 50 such factories.
In 1974, Allis-Chalmers construction equipment business was reorganized into a joint venture with Fiat SpA, which bought a 65% majority stake in the beginning. The new company is called Fiat-Allis.
In May 1975, the company shut down its 78-year-old 20-acre plant on the Pittsburgh North Side, which employs nearly 1,100 full hours and produces transformer distribution and instrument controls.
In 1977, to compete with Kubota in a compact diesel tractor, Allis-Chalmers began importing Hinomoto tractors with Toyosha diesel engines from Japan. They were branded with the Allis-Chalmers brand for US sales.
In 1978, a joint venture with Siemens, Siemens-Allis, was formed, supplying electrical control equipment.
1980s and 1990s
The company began to struggle in the 1980s in a climate of rapid economic change. It was forced in the middle of a financial struggle to sell its main line of business.
In 1983, Allis-Chalmers sold Simplicity, the lawn and garden division, to the division's management.
1985 was the year of great dissolution for Allis-Chalmers - the year when it folded its three main business lines:
- The Fiat-Allis joint venture in construction equipment, where the company's management has long fallen, ends when Fiat buys the remaining minority shares of Allis. It was renamed the Fiatallis company.
- The Allis-Chalmers line of agricultural equipment ended when Allis sold it to K-H-D (KlÃÆ'¶ckner-Humboldt-Deutz, Deutz AG) from Germany, at that time the owner of Deutz-Fahr. K-H-D renamed its business as Deutz-Allis and dumped Allis Chalmers 8000 Series tractors and the Orange Persian brand to support the green spring tractor built by White Farm Equipment with Deutz air-cooled engines.
- The Siemens-Allis joint venture in control of electricity ended when Siemens bought the remaining minority stake of Allis. Siemens then merged the company into the Siemens Energy and Automation division.
In 1988, Allis-Chalmers sold its American Air Filter filter business (with 27 international production facilities and sales to over 100 countries) for approximately $ 225 million to SnyderGeneral Corporation of Dallas, a leading global air quality control company.
In 1990, Deutz-Allis was sold to its management and became Allis-Gleaner Corporation (AGCO). Tractors started selling under the name of AGCO-Allis and again painted Orange Persian. The AGCO orange tractor brand was produced until 2010 when AGCO announced that the brand would be phased out.
In 1998, what was left of the Allis-Chalmers manufacturing business was divested, and in January 1999, the company officially closed its offices in Milwaukee. The remaining service business is Allis-Chalmers Energy in Houston, Texas.
Brand reuse, 2000 to present
In August 2008, Briggs & amp; Stratton announced it would sell grass tractors under the Allis-Chalmers brand.
Maps Allis-Chalmers
Former site
- Company office, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Factory tractor, West Allis, Wisconsin
- Gleaner combines a factory, Independence, Missouri (the site inherited from Gleaner Manufacturing Company)
- Tractor manufacturer, La Porte, Indiana (site inherited from Advance-Rumely)
- Launch the installation, La Crosse, Wisconsin (site inherited from La Crosse Plow Works)
- Factory tractor, Gadsden, Alabama
- Heavy equipment factory in Springfield, Illinois (site inherited from acquisition of Monarch Tractor Company)
- Heavy equipment factory in Deerfield, Illinois (site inherited from Tractomotive Corporation acquisition)
- Tractors in Cedar Rapids, Iowa
- Many factories in Chicago
- More
Agricultural machinery
Allis-Chalmers offers a full range of agricultural machinery, ranging from land preparation and harvesting to tractors.
Model tractor
In 1959, a team led by Harry Ihrig built a 15 kW fuel cell tractor for Allis-Chalmers that was proven throughout the US at a state fair. This is the first fuel cell powered vehicle. Potassium hydroxide serves as an electrolyte. Original AC fuel cell tractors are currently on display at the Smithsonian.
Balers
The first model introduced in 1949 was called "Roto-Baler" and a modern runner-round balers round, albeit with a much smaller ball. The Roto-Baler was built until the 1960s or 1970s. Allis Chalmers also built many small square baller models.
Tractor part
While AGCO is now a spare parts manufacturer for most of the parts needed to repair older Allis-Chalmers tractors, including water pumps to oil filters, and even rebuilding tractor and manual kits, aftermarket suppliers offer parts that AGCO does.
Industrial equipment and electrical equipment
Allis Chalmers markets a complete line of Industrial Equipment and Electrical Appliances, including turbo generators and medium voltage switchgear. In the 1920s to 1960s AC Power House and Industrial equipment competed with industrial giants like General Electric and Westinghouse. In the early 1920s AC produced multi-MVA hydroelectricity and turbines, many of which remain in operation today (Louisville Gas & Ohio Electric 1-8 units, 8MW low head turbines and Kentucky Utilities Dix Dam units 1-3 , Generator 11MVA 300 RPM).
Allis Chalmers produces several medium voltage switchgear lines, such as the HF and MA lines. The HF line competes with the General Electric "AM" Magneblast lane of the mid-lift vertical-voltage switchgear. The MA line is a competitor of the ITE "HK" line of horizontal medium-voltage rack voltage switchgear.
Allis-Chalmers produce substation transformer lines, voltage regulators, and distribution transformers.
Allis Chalmers, during the period 1930-1965 onwards, produces and markets an extensive line of ore mining equipment for the mining industry
In 1965, Allis-Chalmers built the "Big Allis," or Ravenswood no. 3, the largest generator in New York. Located in Queens, and has an output of 1,000 MW. It's operational today.
Grass and outdoor machines
In the late 1960s and early 1970s the air conditioner expanded into lawn and exit gear.
All terrain vehicles
The air conditioner makes a 6-wheel amphibious ATV line called "Terra Tiger".
Fuel cell golf cart
In 1965, Allis-Chalmers built a hydrogen fuel cell-fired golf cart.
Military engine
- M1 medium tractor model HD7W: https://www.scribd.com/doc/168514677/Tm-9-783B-MEDIUM-TRACTOR-M1-Allis-chalmers-Hd-7w-1942
- M1 heavy tractor model HD10W
- M4 The 18-ton high-speed tractor tractor was built from 1943.
- 38-Ton high-speed M6 (artillery tractor)
- M7 Snow Tractor
- M19 snow trailer, 1-Ton
- Ontos - a lightweight anti-tank vehicle, 297 units were manufactured from 1955 to 1957.
- Steam turbines Allis Chalmers build steam turbines that drive the USS Coontz DLG-9 (Later DDG-40) and several other ships of the same class used by the United States Navy.
Allis-Chalmers Energy
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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