The nuclear football (also known as atoms football , President's emergency bag , Emergency President Satchel , Button < b> , black box , or just football ) is a suitcase, whose contents will be used by the President of the United States. The state to authorize a nuclear strike while away from a fixed command center, such as the White House Situation Room. It serves as a mobile hub in the US strategic defense system. It is held by a camp-maid.
Video Nuclear football
Contents
According to the Washington Post, the president is always accompanied by a military aide who carries "football" with a nuclear weapons launch code. Football is a Zero Halliburton metal bag carried with a black "jacket". This package weighs about 45 pounds (20 kilograms). A small antenna protrudes from the bag near the handle.
In his book Breaking Cover Bill Gulley, former director of the White House Military Office, writes:
There are four things in Football. Black Books contain retaliation options, book lists of secret location sites, manila folders with eight or ten pages stapled together provide a description of the procedures for Emergency Warning System, and three five-inch [7.5 x 13 cm] cards with authentication codes. The Black Book is about 9 by 12 inches [23 x 30 cm] and has 75 loose pages printed in black and red. The book with the location of the secret site is about the same size as the Black Book, and is black. It contains information about sites throughout the country where the president can be taken in an emergency.
Maps Nuclear football
Operation
If the president (who is the supreme commander of the armed forces) orders the use of nuclear weapons, he will be set aside by the "carrier" and the suitcase will be opened. The command signal, or "alert" alert, will then be issued to the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The President will then review the attack option with the adjutant and decide on the plan, which can range from one cruise missile to several ICBM launches. This is a predetermined war plan developed under OPLAN 8010 (formerly Single Integrated Operations Plan). Then, using Milstar, a Yankee White will contact the National Military Command Center and NORAD to determine the scope of a pre-emptive nuclear attack and prepare for a second attack, after which Milstar/Advanced Extremely High Frequency or Boeing E-4B and TACAMO will deliver the Nuclear Launch Code which apply today to all operating nuclear delivery systems. Where the two-person verification procedure will be implemented after this, the codes will be included in the Permiss Action Link.
Before an order can be processed by the military, the president must be positively identified using a special code issued on a plastic card, dubbed "biscuit". The United States has a two-man rule in place at a nuclear launch facility, and while only a president can order nuclear disarmament, orders must be verified by the Minister of Defense to be an authentic order given by the president (there is a succession hierarchy if the president is killed in attack). This verification process is only concerned with verifying that the order is coming from the actual President. The Minister of Defense has no veto and must obey the presidential order. After all the codes are verified, the military will issue an assault command to the correct unit. This command is given and then re-verified for authenticity. It is said that the President almost has sole authority to launch a nuclear strike because the Minister of Defense is required to verify the order, but can not legally veto.
Football was taken by one of the rotating presidential military aides, whose work schedule was described by a secret rota (one from each of the five service branches). This person is an officer assigned to the US military, O-4 or higher paid class, who has undergone the country's strictest background check (Yankee White). These officers must keep football accessible to the president at all times. As a result, aides, football in hand, always either standing or walking near the president, including riding in Air Force One, Marine One, or a presidential motorcade with the president.
Journalist Ron Rosenbaum has pointed out that the operating plan for the nuclear strike order is entirely concerned with the commander's identity and the authenticity of the order, and there is no protection to verify that the person issuing the order is really sane. In particular, Major Harold Hering was expelled from the Air Force in late 1973 for asking the question "How do I know that the order I received for launching my missile came from a sane president?" under Richard Nixon.
History
Football dates back to Dwight D. Eisenhower, but current usage emerged after the Cuban Missile Crisis, when John F. Kennedy worried that a Soviet commander in Cuba might launch a missile without permission from Moscow. Kennedy asked several questions related to the release of US nuclear weapons. This is:
- "Assuming that the information from a heavily guarded source leads me to conclude that the United States should immediately launch a nuclear strike against the Communist Block, does the JCS Emergency Action File allow me to launch such an attack without first consultation with the Minister of Defense and/or the Joint Chiefs of Staff? "
- "I know that the red button on my desk phone will connect me with the White House Signal House switcher (WHASA) and that the WHASA switchboard can connect me directly to the Joint War Room If I call the Joint War Room without giving them advance notice , to whom shall I speak? "
- "What shall I say to the Combat War Room to launch a nuclear strike immediately?"
- "How did the person who received my instructions verify them?"
The Associated Press article states that the nickname "football" comes from an attack plan codenamed "Dropkick". His nickname has caused confusion about the nature - and even its form - of the device, like a leather bag or "jacket" where it was brought looking large enough to load actual football.
During their presidency, Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan preferred to keep the launch code in their jacket pockets. Congressman John Kline served as a colonel in the United States Marine Corps and brought football to President Carter and Reagan.
The coded card was separated from Ronald Reagan immediately after the 1981 assassination attempt against him. She was separated from it when her clothes were cut by the emergency department trauma team. He was later found lying down unsecured on one of his shoes on the emergency room floor. This led to the urban legend that Reagan carried the code in his socks. Reagan was separated from the rest of football as well, because the officer who took him was left behind as his motorcade drove away with the wounded president. Sometimes, the president has left his aide bringing football in the back. This happened to Nixon in 1973; After Nixon presented Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev with Lincoln Continental at Camp David, Brezhnev abruptly drove with Nixon from his retreat to the highway while leaving the Nixon Secret Service personnel behind him, separating Nixon from football (and security detail) for nearly 30 minutes. President Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, George H. W. Bush, and Bill Clinton have also been separated from football.
Current time
Since football must be close to the president at all times, the maids who carry it often appear in press photographs. While giving a speech during Hillary Clinton's 2016 election campaign campaign in Scranton, Pennsylvania, Vice President Joe Biden showed officers holding nuclear football, drawing criticism from some conservative experts. In February 2017, on the occasion of North Korea firing a nuclear-powered Pukkuksong-2 ballistic missile in the Sea of ​​Japan, a guest at Mar-a-Lago, President of Trump, took pictures with a military aide carrying Football, posting pictures to Facebook and identifying aide with his first name. US military officials explained that it was not illegal or contrary to the proper procedure for officers to appear in such photos, although they admitted that the situation was strange.
On November 8, 2017, when President Trump made an official state visit to China, US military aides who brought soccer were reportedly involved in a brief struggle with Chinese security officials, after the latter attempted to block the former access to the Auditorium People's Hall. According to Jonathan Swan, the political correspondent behind the report, writes: "... no Chinese have any nuclear football in their possession or even touched a suitcase... [T] he head of China's security detail apologizes to America after it's because of a misunderstanding. "
See also
- Cheget, Russian partner
- Last letter
- Golden Code
- Permiss Action Link
- nuclear workbag
Note
Further reading
- Ford, Daniel F. (1985). Button: Pentagon's Strategic Command and Control System . New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBNÃ, 0-671-50068-6. OCLCÃ, 11533371.
- Gulley, Bill, and Mary Ellen Reese. (1980). Closing Offenders . New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBNÃ, 0-671-24548-1. OCLCÃ, 6304331.
External links
- Nuclear Football , Special History Channel
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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