Axial skeleton

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The axial skeleton is part of a skeleton consisting of a vertebral head bone and rod. In the human skeleton, it consists of 80 bones and consists of six parts; skull bones, middle ear ossicles, hyoid bones, ribs, sternum and vertebral columns. The axial framework along with the appendicular frame forms a complete framework. Another definition of axial skeleton is the bone including the spine, the sacrum, the coccyx, the ribs, and the breastbone.

Video Axial skeleton

Structure

Flat bone of the brain and other vital organs. This article deals primarily with axial skeletons of humans; However, it is important to understand the axial evolutionary axis of evolution. The human axial frame consists of 80 different bones. It is the medial core of the body and connects the pelvis to the body, where the skeleton of the appendix is ​​attached. When the bones grow older the bones become weaker with the exception of the skull. The skull remains strong to protect the brain from injury.

Cranium

The human skull consists of skull and facial bone. The skull holds and protects the brain in a large space called the dome of the skull. The cranium is formed from eight bone-shaped plates that fit together at the meeting point (joint) called sutures. In addition there are 14 facial bones that form the front of the underside of the skull. Together 22 bones that make up the skull form an additional, smaller space next to the dome of the skull, such as the cavity for the eyes, the inner ear, the nose, and the mouth. The most important facial bones include jaw or lower jaw, upper jaw or upper jaw, zygomatic bone or cheek, and nasal bone.

Humans are born with separate plates that then melt to allow for flexibility as the skull passes through the pelvis and birth canal during birth. During development, eight separate plates of immature bone joined together into a single structure known as the Skull. The only bone that remains separated from the rest of the skull is the mandible.

Rib cage

The ribs consist of 12 pairs of ribs plus chest bones for a total of 25 separate bones. Ribs serve as a protective mask for vital organs such as heart and lungs. The ribs are shaped like crescent, with one edge flattened and the other end round. The circular ends are attached to the joints to the torakalis vertebra at the back and the flat ends are joined in the sternum, in front.

Seven pairs of ribs are attached to the sternum with expensive cartilage and are known as "true ribs." The ribs to 8 to 10 have a non-costal cartilage that connects them with the ribs above. The last two ribs are called "floating ribs" because they do not stick to the sternum or other ribs and are just "hanging free." The length of each rib increases from number one to seven and then decreases to the rib number. 12. The first rib is the shortest, broadest, flat, and most curved.

Vertebral column

At birth the majority of humans have 33 separate vertebrae. However, during normal development some vertebrae coalesce together, leaving a total of 24, in most cases. The confusion about whether or not there are 32-34 vertebrae starts from the fact that the two lowest vertebrae, the sacrum and the tail bone, are a single bone consisting of several smaller bones that have fused together. This is how the vertebra is calculated: 24 separate vertebrae and a sacrum, formed from 5 fused vertebra and tail bone, formed from 3-5 fused vertebrae. If you calculate coccyx and sacrum respectively as one vertebra, then there are 26 vertebrae. If the fused vertebra is calculated separately, the total number of vertebrae comes between 32 and 34.

The vertebral column consists of 5 parts. The most skull part (top) is made by the cervical vertebrae (7), followed by the thorax (12), the lumbar (5), the sacral (4-5) and the coccygeal vertebrae (3-4).

The cervical vertebrae form an intersection between the vertebral column and the cranium. The sacral and coccygeal vertebrae are fused and are therefore often called "sacral bones" or "coccygeal bones" as units. The sacral bone forms an intersection between the vertebral column and the hip bone.

Maps Axial skeleton

Etymology

The word "Axial" is taken from the word "axis" and refers to the fact that the bone is located close to or along the central "axis" of the body.

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Short Summary

The axial frame consists of 80 bones:

• The skull, which contains 22 bones, of which 8 is a skull and 14 is a face,
• 6 ossicles of middle ear (3 in each ear),
• 1 hyoid bone in the neck,
• 26 bones from the vertebral column,
• 1 breastbone (sternum), and
• 24 ribs (12 pairs).

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Additional images

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See also

• Hang template
• Skull
• middle ear ossicles
• Hyoid bone
• The Internet
• Iga
• Bone

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References

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External links

• botany.uwc.ac.za

Source of the article : Wikipedia