Salvia divinorum (also known as sage from the forecasters , ska marÃÆ'a pastora , wise teacher b>, yerba de la pastora or just salvia ) are plant species with temporary psychoactive properties when the leaves are consumed by chewing, smoking or as tea. The leaves contain compounds such as opioids that cause hallucinations. Since the plant has not been well studied in high-quality clinical studies, little is known about toxicology, its harmful effects, or its safety over long-term consumption. Its original habitat is the cloud forest in the isolated Sierra Mazateca of Oaxaca, Mexico, where it grows in a shady and humid location. This plant grows over one meter, has a hollow square rod like the others in the mint family Lamiaceae, large leaves, and sometimes white flowers with purple petals. Botanists have not yet determined whether Salvia divinorum is a cultivar or hybrid because native plants reproduce vegetatively and rarely produce proper seeds.
The Mazatec shaman has a long and ongoing tradition of religious usage from Salvia divinorum to facilitate visionary awareness conditions during spiritual healing sessions.
Its psychoactive active component is a unique structurally-unique ditpenoid called salvinorin A , a potent agonist -opioid. Although not fully assessed, preliminary studies show Salvia divinorum may have low toxicity (high LD 50 ). The effect is fast in onset and durable.
Salvia divinorum is legal in certain US states and states, while other countries have issued criminal laws.
Video Salvia divinorum
Etymology
The genus name, Salvia , was first used by Pliny for a possible plant Salvia officinalis (common sage) and derived from Latin salvere . Specific nicknames, divinorum , are given because of the traditional use of the plant in the forecast. This word is often translated as "fortune-teller" or "sage seais". Albert Hofmann, who collected the first plant with Wasson, objected to the new plant was named "divinorum": "I am not so happy with the name because Salvia divinorum means" Salvia the ghosts " while Salvia divinatorum , the proper name, means "Salvia the priests. "It is now in the botanical literature under the name Salvia divinorum .
Common names
There are many common names for S. divinorum , including sage from predictors , ska marÃÆ'a pastora yerba de la pastora or just salvia .
Maps Salvia divinorum
History
Salvia divinorum is a native of Sierra Mazateca in Oaxaca, Mexico, where it is still used by Mazatec, primarily to facilitate shamanic visions in the context of fogging or forecasting. S. divinorum is one of several species with hallucinogenic properties ritually used by the Mazatec shaman. In their ritual, the shamans only use fresh S. divinorum leaves. They saw the plant as an incarnation of the Virgin Mary, and began the ritual with prayer for Mary, St. Peter, the Holy Trinity, and other saints. Traditionally used rituals involve being in a quiet place after the consumption of the Maztec dukuns said that "La Maria ( S. Divinorum ) speaks in a quiet voice."
It is also used remedially at lower doses as diuretics, and to treat diseases including diarrhea, anemia, headaches, rheumatism, and semi-magical diseases known as panzÃÆ'³n de borrego, or swollen abdomen ( literally). , "belly of the sheep").
The history of the plant is not well known, and there is no definite answer to the question of its origin. Speculation includes Salvia divinorum into native wild plants of the area; a Mazatec cultivation; or a cultigen introduced by other indigenous groups. Botanists also have not been able to determine whether it is hybrid or cultivation.
Academic discovery
Salvia divinorum was first recorded in print by Jean Basset Johnson in 1939 when he studied Mazatec shamanism. He then documents its use and reports its impact through personal testimony. New in the 1990s psychoactive mechanisms were identified by a team led by Daniel Siebert.
Gordon Wasson tentatively postulates that the plant could be a mythological of pipiltzintzintli , "Prince of Honor" of the Aztec codex. Wasson's speculation has been the subject of further debate among ethnobotanists, with some skepticism derived from Leander J. Valdà ©, and his counterpart further supporting Wasson's theory of Jonathan Ott.
The identity of another mysterious Aztec entheogen, from poyomatli , has also been suggested as Salvia divinorum . There are also other candidate plants, especially Cacahuaxochitl ( Quararibea funebris ), again indicating that there is no consensus.
Botany
Salvia divinorum has large green leaves (often also dentate), with a yellow color of 10 to 30 cm (4 to 12 inches). The leaves have no hair on either surface, and little or no petiole. This plant grows up to more than 1 meter (3 feet), on a hollow square rod that tends to be broken or dragged on the ground, with rooting plants easily at knots and streets.
The flowers, which only bloom rarely, grow over the hills of 30 centimeters (12 inches), with about six flowers for each circle. Flowers 3 cm (1.2 inches) are white, curved and covered with hair, and are held in small purple petals covered with hair and glands. When it blooms in its native habitat, it does so from September to May.
The original writer mistakenly describes the flower having a blue corolla, based on the description of Epling and JÃÆ'¡tiva. The first crops they receive are dried, so they base the flower color on the wrong description by Hofmann and Wasson, who do not realize that their "blue flowers, crowned with a white dome" are actually purple with unopened white corollas.
Distribution and habitat
Salvia divinorum is endemic to Sierra Mazateca in the state of Oaxaca in Mexico, growing in primary or secondary cloud forest and tropical green forest at altitudes from 300 to 1,830 meters (980 to 6,000 feet). The most common habitat is black soil along the river stream where small trees and shrubs provide a low light and high humidity environment.
Reproduction
Salvia divinorum produces some decent seeds even when it is flowering - no seeds have ever been observed in plants in the wild. For unknown reasons, the fertility of pollen is also relatively reduced. There is no inhibition of the active pollen tube in style, but some events or processes after the pollen tube reach the aberrant ovaries. The most likely explanation is inbreeding depression or hybridity. All Mazatec populations seem to be clonal. The square rod of the plant is easily broken and tends to be dragged on the ground, with easy rooting in nodes and tree segments.
Taxonomy
Salvia divinorum was first documented in 1939, but it was years before botanists could identify plants because of Mazatec's secrecy of where to grow. Interest is required for the identification of definitive species. In 1962, Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann, and ethnomycologist R. Gordon Wasson, traveled throughout Sierra Mazateca researching Mazatec rituals and looking for plant specimens. They can not find a living plant. Finally, Mazatec gave them some specimens of flowering. These specimens were sent to Carl Epling's botanist and Carlos D. JÃÆ'¡tiva, who described and named the plant as Salvia divinorum , after being used in forecasts and healing by Mazatec. By 1985, up to fifteen plant populations had been discovered.
Until 2010, there were differences of opinion about whether Salvia divinorum was an interspecific hybrid. Plant partial sterility is suggestive of the origin of hybrids, although no two parent species are found with a clear affinity with Salvia divinorum . Another possibility for partial sterility of plants is that long-term planting and selection has resulted in inbred cultivation.
In 2010, the molecular phylogenetic approach by DNA sequencing Salvia divinorum and a number of related species indicated that the species was not a hybrid. One of the parents previously proposed is Salvia cyanea (synonym for Salvia concolor), which Epling and JÃÆ'¡tiva are believed to be closely related to Salvia divinorum . The 2010 study demonstrates the nearest relative Salvia divinorum to be Salvia venulosa - rare and endemic Salvia from Colombia, grown in shade, grated forests at an altitude of 1,500 to 2,000 m (4,900 to 6,600 feet).It also indicates that Salvia divinorum does not belong to the Salvia section of Dusenostachys , as it is believed The genetic studies also show that Salvia venulosa may be misplaced to Salvia under Tubiflorae, and that may not be related to other Colombians. Salvia species, although further tests are required.
The origins of the Salvia divinorum are still a mystery, one of only three plants in the broad genus Salvia (about 900 species) with unknown origin - the other two are < Salvia tingitana and Salvia buchananii .
Strain
There are two commonly cultivated breeds that are known to be different. One was the strain collected in 1962 by the ecologist and psychologist Sterling Bunnell (Bunnell strain ), incorrectly attributed everyday language as Wasson-Hofmann strain. The others were collected from Huautla de JimÃÆ'Â © nez in 1991 by the anthropologist Bret Blosser (Blosser strain or Palatable ). There are other strains that are not well documented, such as Luna strain (probably Bunnell ) isolated from Hawaiian Salvia divinorum patch, showing outer leaves usually jagged and rounded than oval leaves.
Cultivation
Propagation by cuttings
Salvia divinorum is usually propagated through vegetative reproduction. Small cuttings, between two and eight inches long, cut from the parent plant just below the node, will usually be rooted in ordinary tap water within two or three weeks.
Flowering
The bloom occurs when the length of the day becomes shorter than 12 hours (beginning in mid-October in some places), requires colored fabrics in urban environments with exposure to light pollution (HPS).
Chemistry
The known active constituent of Salvia divinorum is trans -neoclerodane diterpenoid known as salvinorin A (chemical formula C 23 H 28 O 8 ). This compound is present in dry plants about 0.18%.
Salvinorin A is not an alkaloid, (meaning it does not contain basic nitrogen), unlike most known opioid receptor ligands. Salvinorin A is the first documented hallininogen first.
Similar to many psychoactive herbs, Salvia divinorum synthesizes and secretes its active constituent (salvinorin A) through the trichomes, from the morphology of the glands, located just below the cuticle layer (subkutlik).
Potential
In bulk, salvinorin A "is the most powerful natural hallucinogen." It is active at doses as low as 200 Ã,Âμg. Synthetic chemicals, such as LSD (active at a dose of 20-30Ã,Âμg), can be more potent. Research has shown that salvinorin A is a potent and selective -opioid receptor agonist (kappa-opioid). It has been reported that the effect of salvinorin A in mice is blocked by the opioid-receptor antagonist. However, it is a stronger partial receptor, and the possibility of this action plays an important role in its effects as well. Salvinorin A has no action on the 5-HT serotonin receptor 2A , the main molecule targets responsible for classic hallucinogenic actions, such as mescaline and LSD, are also unknown to have any affinity for any other site to date.
Potential of Salvinorin should not be confused with toxicity. Rodents that are chronically exposed to doses many times larger than exposed humans show no signs of organ damage.
Other terpenoids
Other terpenoids have been isolated from Salvia divinorum , including other salvinorin and related compounds called divinatorin and salvinicin. None of these compounds have shown significant affinity (sub-micromolar) on the -opioid receptors, and there is no evidence that they contribute to plant psychoactive.
Other pharmaceutical actions
Salvinorin A is able to inhibit excessive gut motility (eg diarrhea), through a combination of Î ± -oioid and cannabinoid receptors (especially receptors CB 1 ) in inflamed but not normal gut. in vivo . The mechanism of action for Salvinorin A on the ileal tissue has been described as 'prejunctional', since it is capable of modifying electrically induced contractions, but not of exogenous acetylcholine. The results of a study at the University of Iowa show that it may have potential as an analgesic and as a therapeutic tool to treat drug addiction.
The pharmacologically important aspect of the antispasmodic (antispasmodic) properties of the digestible Salvinorin A in intestinal tissue is that it is only pharmacologically active in inflamed tissues and not normal, thus reducing the possibility of side effects.
Swallowing
There are several ways to consume Salvia divinorum . In traditional Mazatec rituals, shamans only use fresh leaves Salvia divinorum . Modern methods have been developed to more effectively absorb the active principle, salvinorin A. If enough salvinorin A is absorbed, altered states of consciousness may occur. Duration of experience varies with the consumption method and the amount of salvinorin A absorbed.
Traditional methods
The Mazatec shaman destroys the leaves to extract the leaf extract from about 20 to 80 (about 50g/2 oz to 200g/7 oz.) Or more fresh leaves. They usually mix this juice with water to make the infusion or 'tea' they drink to induce vision in a ritual healing ceremony.
Chewing and swallowing large amounts of fresh leaves is another Mazatec method. Oral consumption of the leaves makes the effect come more slowly, for 10 to 20 minutes. The experience, from the beginning of the effect, lasts about 30 minutes to an hour and a half.
The dosage for chewing far exceeds the dose used for smoking. By calculating the concentration per leaf ("average concentration of 2.45 mg per gram" leaf), the mean weight per leaf ("about 50 g" per 20 leaves, or 2.5 g/leaf), and the standard dose for chewing (about 8-28 leaves), the dose can range from about 50 mg to 172 mg.
Modern methods
Modern methods of swallowing include smoking or chewing the leaves, or using tincture, as described in the following sections.
Salvia divinorum is becoming more widely known and used in modern culture. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health, the annual US survey sponsored by Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), for 2006 estimated that around 1.8 million people aged 12 or older had used Salvia divinorum Smoking
Dry leaves can be smoked in pipes, or through the use of water pipes to cool the smoke. The temperature required to release salvinorin from plant material is quite high (about 240 ° C). The colder fire will work, but the immediate application of a firmer flame, such as the lighter the torch, is often preferred.
Some find that untreated dried leaves produce a light effect that is not too flashy or only slightly. Concentrated preparations or smoked extracts in place of untreated leaves are widely available. This enhanced (or "fortified") leaf is explained by the number followed by x (eg 5x , 10x ), multiplication factors which generally indicate the relative amount of leaf concentrate, although no standards are accepted for this claim. Other sources may use the color coding system to establish their own potential standards; for example, "green", "yellow", and "red."
This potential value may roughly indicate the relative concentration of the active principle, (salvinorin A), but its size should not be regarded as absolute. The potential of the whole extract will depend on the (naturally varying) strength of the untreated leaf used in the manufacture of the extract, as well as the efficiency of the extraction process itself. The extract reduces the total amount of inhalation needed to ingest a number of active principles, thus facilitating a stronger experience.
If salvia is smoked, the main effects are experienced rapidly. The most intense 'Peak' is achieved within a minute or so and lasts for 1-5 minutes, followed by a gradual reduction. At 5-10 minutes, the less intense but still visible effects usually persist, providing a way to restore the everyday taste and get used to returning to the baseline after about 15 to 20 minutes.
Quid chewing
The traditional method of chewing leaves continues to be used in a modern way. However, salvinorin A is generally considered inactive when it is ingested orally, because salvinorin A is effectively inactivated by the gastrointestinal system. Therefore, in what is understood as modern innovation, the leaf 'quid' is held in the mouth as long as possible to facilitate the absorption of active constituents through the oral mucosa. 'Quid' refers to the fact that at the end of this method the user spews the leaves rather than ingesting them because digesting the leaf has no known effect. Chewing consumes more plants than smoking, and results in a more lasting experience.
Using tincture
Less commonly, some people may swallow salvia in the form of tincture. This is given sublingually, usually with the help of a glass dropper. These can be taken diluted with water before use, which may slightly reduce the intensity of the effect, but may also serve to reduce or avoid the sensation of stinging in the mouth caused by the presence of alcohol. Tincture varies in potential, and the effect can range from inducing a mild meditative state to bring about a more intense visionary.
When taken as a tincture of effect and duration similar to other methods of oral consumption, though they may be significantly more intense, depending on the potential of the extract.
Effects
Aside from the reported individual experience, there are a number of published works that summarize the effects of divinorum salvia. A survey of salvia users found that 38% described the effect as unique compared to other methods of altering consciousness. 23% say the effect is like yoga, meditation or trance. Users have written prose about their experience; some describe their vision in illustration, and there are examples of visionary art 'inspired by salvia'. Others claim the musical inspiration of the plan.
Security
Dale Pendell expressed some concerns about the use of highly concentrated forms of salvia. In its natural form, salvia is more balanced and good, and strong enough, he says. High-strength extracts on the other hand can show "a more steep, more frightening face," and many who try it this way may never want to repeat the experience.
Vaporization
Ethnobotanist Daniel Siebert warns that breathing in hot air can cause irritation and potentially damage the lungs. The steam generated by the heat gun must be cooled by running it through a water pipe or cooling chamber prior to inhalation.
Research
An ABC news said the excitement of research into Salvia could disappear overnight if the federal government criminalizes the sale or ownership of salvia, because the Drug Enforcement Authority [sic] is considering doing so now. " The proposed Class I classification would mean (among other things) that there is no "current accepted medical use" to the extent that the United States government cares. Scientists fear that the law will limit further work. Mendelsohn said salvia scheduling could scare off a lot of research and development into promises of salvia therapy.
Controversy
The relatively new appearance of the Salvia divinorum in modern Western culture, compared with the traditional traditions of long-standing use, are very different attitudes to the subject.
Opinions range from plant worship as a spiritual sacrament or a "gift from the gods", to "threats to society", to be banned as soon as possible to "save countless families of horror losing loved ones to endless drug tentacles".
Media coverage
The interest in Salvia divinorum has increased in the news media, especially in the United States, where more newspaper reports have been published and television news broadcast.
These stories generally increase the alarm over the legal status of salvia, for example comparing it with LSD, or describing it as a "new pot", with parental concerns raised by a particular focus on the use of Salvia by younger teenagers.
Headline news may also include the keyword 'hazard', such as "Malicious Herb is the Law..." or "A High Danger of A Street Law".
The coverage of major news and journalistic opinion has been a lot of negativity about this. In a local news report aired on the ABC affiliate of WJLA in Washington, DC on July 11, 2007, the anchor looks to exchange the expression of mistrust when referring to the story of salvia with the following introduction. "Now, an exclusive I-Team investigation of hallucinogenic drugs that have begun to sweep the nation What you may be amazed about is that the federal government is doing nothing to stop it.
In March 2008, a Texas news report was broadcast with the story "The drug law now used by teenagers to become tall will soon be banned here in San Antonio - all because of the Fox News 4 investigation", went on to say, "Drugs are legal in Texas, at least for now, but a 4th News investigation may lead to new regulations to protect your children. "
Many titles of salvia media stories in comparison with LSD. However, while LSD and salvinorin A have comparative potential, in the sense that both can produce effects at low doses, they are otherwise quite different. Both of these substances are not similar or chemically related, because salvinorin A is found naturally in one plant while LSD is chemically synthesized from lysergamides such as ergotamine. They are ingested in different ways and produce different effects, which manifest themselves at different timescales. For example, the salvia effect when smoking usually lasts only a few minutes compared to LSD, which can last for 8-12 hours.
Breth.27s_law "> Brett's Law
The special focus of many US media stories is a long story about the case of Brett Chidester, a 17-year-old Delaware student who committed suicide in January 2006 for carbon monoxide poisoning.
It was reported, several months before this, that Brett's mother Kathleen Chidester had learned about the use of salvia and asked her about it. Brett said that he had stopped his experiments, but his parents did not believe that he was telling the truth. Instead, they argue that the depression induced by salvia is largely to blame for his death. Some of Brett's earlier writings on his salvia experience have been used to show that it makes him think "existence is generally meaningless." Some media stories have referred to this previous written experience report as if they were part of Brett's suicide note. In any case, the law is immediately enacted in Delaware that classifies the ingredients as the substance set forth my Schedule under those circumstances. This law is dubbed Brett's law (formally referred to as the 259 Senate bill).
Although the Chidester story has been given further exposure by the US media, there has been no other place, either before or since this controversial incident, any other case reported involving or accusing Salvia divinorum as a serious factor in suicide. , overdose, accident, or any other type of death. About this, San Francisco lawyer Alex Coolman commented, "It is remarkable that Chidester's parents, and only Chidester's parents, continue to be quoted repeatedly by mainstream media in their coverage of 'controversy' over the risk of < i> Salvia divinorum . "
Kathleen Chidester continues to campaign for "Schedule I" legislation outside of their home country, Delaware. For example, three years after Brett's death, in written testimony to support Sen. Bill Sen. Richard Colburn, who was proposed to the State of Maryland Legislature, said, "My hope and goal is to have salvia organized throughout the US It is my son's inheritance and I will not ending my fight until this happens. "
Usage displayed on YouTube
The reported concern was the rise of a YouTube video showing suspected users of laughing laughter out of control, apparently unable to perform simple tasks or to communicate. In an interview with the California San Francisco Chronicle newspaper, published in June 2007, Daniel Siebert said that the video "makes salvia look like a horrible drug that makes people crazy and dangerous [...]" And that stopping people from realizing "there's a sensible way to use something like this."
The New York Times has reported that "in post-state [...] YouTube videos have become Proof A in a legislative attempt to regulate salvia."
Waco representative Charles Anderson (R), who sponsors one of several bills to ban salvia in Texas. Anderson told his colleagues in a legislative session about a video depicting the user of salvia behind the wheel of a car. "What we're really worried about, is the kids do this and then ride a car or ride a motorbike or jump in a pool somewhere."
Michigan Representative Michael Sak (D) submitted a bill proposing the Schedule I classification of Salvia divinorum and salvinorin A. He said that if people have questions about the damaging effects of salvia, they should go to YouTube to watch the video. A reporter asks Sak whether she has ever seen a video of Girls Gone Wild, and whether it will trigger her to make alcohol illegal (Sak replies that she has not had a chance to review the material).
Nebraska Senator Vickie McDonald responded with "Anytime on YouTube it's a problem," and "Legislators, parents, grandparents, we need to be on top of these things," McDonald proposed my Schedule list Salvia divinorum as part of the Controlled Substance Act, in which the ownership of salvia will be considered a Class IV crime with a penalty of up to five years and the trade will fall under Class III crime with a sentence of up to 20 years.
In Massachusetts, a YouTube video was shown by a retired police officer to a public health and court committee as evidence supporting the ban there.
The problem has been raised from whether the video of salvia violates its own YouTube community guidelines, which asks users not to "break the line" and post videos that show "bad things" like "drug abuse". The question is considered very problematic because the video may be something of a gray area of ​​law enforcement.
Legal status
Many countries controlled Salvia divinorum in some ways. By 2015, it's illegal in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Ireland, Romania, South Korea, Sweden and Switzerland. It is legal to own and grow in Chile, France and Spain, but not for sale. In Russia, it is legal to own, but not to grow or to sell. Estonia, Finland, Iceland and Norway treat it as a medicinal herb that requires a prescription.
The extent of law enforcement Salvia divinorum varies greatly from country to country. Australia has enacted the most rigorous 'schedule 9' (a compact US Schedule), and Italy also places salvia in 'Table I' of controlled substances (also equivalent US Schedule). In Spain, there are controls that focus solely on commercial trading Salvia divinorum , personal cultivation (ie for non-commercial use) is not targeted.
Legislation may prove difficult to enforce. This plant has an unobtrusive appearance; unlike many other medicinal plants, the leaves can not be described, and without a detectable odor. Salvia divinorum can be grown as a regular houseplant without the need for special equipment such as hydroponics or high-powered lights.
United Kingdom
In the UK, following a local newspaper story in October 2005, the Parliamentary Day Movement was resurrected asking for the Salvia divinorum to be banned there. However, it only received 11 signatures. The second movement that was lifted in October 2008 attracted 18 signatures, and it was reported that Mann also wrote to Jacqui Smith, then Minister of the Interior. Advisory Council for Drug Abuse, an independent body that advises the UK government on drugs, was asked to investigate further.
On January 28, 2016, the 2016 Psychoactive Substance Act is passed. This action came into force on May 26, 2016, across the United Kingdom, making illegal salvia to supply or import for human consumption. The two sponsors for the bill are members of Conservative House of Lords Michael Bates and Conservative MP Theresa May.
Australia
Salvia divinorum is considered as a banned 9th Schedule plant in Australia based on Poison Standard (October 2015). Drug Schedule 9 is outlined in the 1964 Poison Act as "Substances that may be misused or misused, manufacture, possess, sell or use should be prohibited by law except when necessary for medical or scientific research, or for analytical, teaching or training purposes with CEO approval. "
United States
National legislation for the amendment of the Controlled Substance Act to place salvinorin A and Salvia divinorum in Schedule I at the federal level in the United States was proposed in 2002 by Representative Joe Read (D-California). Those opposed to the HR 5607 bill include Daniel Siebert, who sent a letter to Congress arguing against the proposed law, and the Center for Cognitive and Ethical Freedom (CCLE), which sent key members of the US Congress a report on Salvia divinorum. and its active principle, along with letters from various scientists who expressed concern that the scheduling of Salvia divinorum will negatively impact on important research at the plant. The bill did not pass.
Although salvia was not regulated under the Controlled Laws, in 2009, it was made illegal in 13 states. Delaware banned him after his use of Salvia reportedly played a role in a teenager's suicide. Alabama, Delaware, Illinois, Louisiana, Michigan, Missouri, Ohio, Texas and others, have escaped their own laws. Several other countries have proposed legislation against salvia, including Alaska, California, Florida, Iowa, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, and Pennsylvania. Many of these proposals have not succeeded in becoming laws, with movement failing, stalling or dead, for example in the review committee stage.
Where individual state laws do exist, they vary from state to state within the prohibited level.
The legal consequences may also exist even in the state with no restrictions on salvia in particular. Christian Firoz, a Nebraska shopkeeper, was charged for selling salvia, but not under certain legal protections against Salvia divinorum . Firoz is instead charged under a general Nebraskan law where it is illegal to sell products to induce a hangover condition. See also the legal status of salvia in North Dakota and Nebraska).
Salvia divinorum has been banned by various branches of the US military and some military bases.
Internet sales
Some internet vendors will not sell salvia salvia directly, leaf, or leaf products to countries where their use is restricted or prohibited. As per their drug and drug policy, eBay does not permit the sale of Salvia divinorum or derivative products (though legality in most areas).
Opinions and arguments
The concerns expressed by some politicians about the issue of salvia reflect the views of the media, by comparison to LSD and the particular focus on "protecting our children" are echoed; and with legislative proposals that follow soon after news breaks.
Some arguments against salvia have become a precautionary trait: "We must stop this before it becomes a big problem not after it becomes a big problem," or the mock nature, "The Australian has obviously found the problem with it.It is clearly a risk to the person who took it." about driving while under the influence of salvia has also been disclosed.
Opponents of tougher action against salvia argue that such reactions are largely due to inherent prejudices and cultural biases rather than actual balance of evidence, suggesting inconsistencies in attitudes toward other more toxic and addictive drugs such as alcohol and nicotine. While it does not object to some form of legal control, particularly with regard to sales to minors or the sale of enhanced high-strength extracts, most salvia supporters are opposed to stricter laws.
Those who advocate the consideration of the potential Salvia divinorum ' the potential for useful use in the modern context argue that more can be learned from the Mazatec culture, where salvia is not really related to the idea medicine takes it altogether and it is rather regarded as a spiritual sacrament. In light of this it is said that Salvia divinorum can be better understood more positively as entheogen than as ausinogen.
Public opinion
Although its fame grew in some quarters, media stories generally show that people in general are still unaware of salvia, with the majority probably never hearing it.
Although published responses may not necessarily represent public opinion as a whole, some news agencies generally support readers and audience feedback in relation to their stories.
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