RSS ( Rich Site Summary , initially RDF Website Summary , often called Really Simple Syndication ) is a web feed type that allows users to access updates for online content in a standard format that the computer can read. This feed can, for example, allow users to track various websites within a news aggregator. The news aggregator will automatically check the RSS feed for new content, allowing content to be automatically passed from website to website or from website to user. Content graduation is called web syndication. Websites typically use RSS feeds to publish frequently updated information, such as blog posts, news headlines, audio, video. RSS documents (called "feeds", "web feeds" or "channels") include full text or metadata, text, such as publishing date and author name.
The standard XML file format ensures compatibility with many different machines/programs. RSS feeds are also useful for users who want to receive timely updates from favorite websites or to collect data from multiple sites.
Subscribing to the RSS website eliminates the need for users to manually check the website for new content. Instead, their browsers continue to monitor the site and notify users about any updates. The browser can also be instructed to download new data for the user automatically.
RSS feed data is presented to users using software called news aggregators. This aggregator can be built into a website, installed on a desktop computer, or installed on a mobile device. Users subscribe to feed either by entering the feed URI to the reader or by clicking the browser feed icon. RSS readers check the user's feedback regularly for new information and can automatically download it, if the function is enabled. The reader also provides a user interface.
Video RSS
History
The RSS format is preceded by some web syndication attempts that do not achieve widespread popularity. The basic idea of ​​restructuring information about websites back to early 1995, when Ramanathan V. Guha and others in the Advanced Computer Technology Group developed the Meta Content Framework.
RDF Site Summary, the first version of RSS, created by Dan Libby and Ramanathan V. Guha in Netscape. It was released in March 1999 for use on the My.Netscape.Com portal. This version is known as RSS 0.9. In July 1999, Dan Libby of Netscape produced a new version, RSS 0.91, which simplified the format by removing RDF elements and combining elements from the Dave Winer news syndication format. Libby also renames the format from RDF to RSS Rich Site Summary and outlines the further development of the format in "term documents".
This will be Netscape's last participation in the development of RSS for eight years. Because RSS is being embraced by web publishers who want their feeds to be used on My.Netscape.Com and other early RSS portals, Netscape dropped RSS support from My.Netscape.Com in April 2001 during the new restructuring of AOL company owners, also removed the documentation and tool that supports formatting.
Two parties appeared to fill the void, with no help or approval Netscape: The Working Group RSS-DEV and Dave Winer, whose UserLand Software has published some of the first publishing tools outside of Netscape that can read and write RSS.
Winer publishes a modified version of the 0.91 RSS specification on the UserLand website, which includes how it is used in its corporate product, and claims the copyright to the document. A few months later, UserLand filed a US trademark registration for RSS, but failed to respond to a USPTO trademark inspector request and the request was rejected in December 2001.
The RSS-DEV Working Group, a project whose members include Guha and representatives from O'Reilly Media and In addition, produced RSS 1.0 in December 2000. This new version, which reclaimed RDF Site Summary from RSS 0.9, reintroduced support for RDF and add XML namespace support, adopt elements from standard metadata vocabulary such as Dublin Core.
In December 2000, Winer released RSS 0.92 a set of small changes apart from the introduction of the enclosure element, which allowed audio files to be loaded in RSS feeds and helped trigger podcasting. He also released a draft of RSS 0.93 and RSS 0.94 which was later withdrawn.
In September 2002, Winer released a new version of the format, RSS 2.0, which repeated the initials Really Simple Syndication. RSS 2.0 removes the type attribute added in the 0.94 RSS draft and adds support for namespaces. To maintain backwards compatibility with RSS 0.92, namespace support only applies to other content that is included in the RSS 2.0 feed, not the RSS 2.0 element itself. (Despite other standards such as Atom's attempt to fix this limitation, RSS feeds are not collected with other content that is often enough to shift the popularity of RSS to other formats that have full namespace support.)
Because Winer and the RSS-DEV Working Group have no Netscape engagement, they can not make official claims on behalf of or RSS format. This has sparked an ongoing controversy in the syndication development community for which entity is the right RSS publisher.
One controversial product debate is the creation of an alternative syndication format, Atom, which began in June 2003. The Atom syndication format, whose creation was partially motivated by the desire to get a clean start free from RSS issues, has been adopted as the IETF Proposed Standard RFC 4287.
In July 2003, Winer and UserLand Software assigned the copyright of the RSS 2.0 specification to the Harvard Berkman Center for Internet & amp; Society, where he has just started a term as a visiting guest. At the same time, Winer launched an RSS Advisory Board with Brent Simmons and Jon Udell, a group aimed at maintaining and publishing specifications and answering questions about the format.
In September 2004, Stephen Horlander created the now ubiquitous RSS icon () for use in the Mozilla Firefox browser.
In December 2005, the Microsoft Internet Explorer team and the Microsoft Outlook team announced on their blog that they adopted the RSS Firefox icon. In February 2006, Opera Software followed suit. This effectively creates an orange box with industry standard white radio waves for RSS and Atom feeds, replacing previously used icons and text to identify syndicated data.
In January 2006, Rogers Cadenhead relaunched the RSS Advisory Board without Dave Winer's participation, with a stated desire to continue developing the RSS format and resolve ambiguity. In June 2007, the board revised their version specification to confirm that namespaces could extend core elements with namespace attributes, as Microsoft does in Internet Explorer 7. In their view, the difference in interpretation of left publishers is uncertain whether this is allowed or prohibited.
Maps RSS
Example
RSS is plain text in XML format. The RSS format itself is relatively easy to read both by automated processes and by humans. Sample feeds can have content like the following:
When taken, the reading software can use XML structures to present a clean look to the end user.
Variant
There are several different RSS versions, falling into the two main branches (RDF and 2. *).
The RDF (or RSS 1. *) branch includes the following versions:
- RSS 0.90 is the original Netscape RSS version. This RSS is called RDF Website Summary , but is based on the initial draft of RDF standard work, and is incompatible with the final RDF Recommendation.
- RSS 1.0 is an open format by the RSS-DEV Working Group, again standing for RDF Website Summary . RSS 1.0 is an RDF format like RSS 0.90, but it is not completely compatible with it, since 1.0 is based on the final RDF 1.0 Recommendation.
- RSS 1.1 is also an open format and is meant to update and replace RSS 1.0. The specification is an independent draft not supported or endorsed by the RSS-Dev Working Group or any other organization.
The RSS 2. * branch (originally UserLand, now Harvard) includes the following versions:
- RSS 0.91 is a simplified version of RSS released by Netscape, as well as a version number of the simplest version originally championed by Dave Winer from Userland Software. The Netscape version is now called Rich Site Summary ; this is no longer an RDF format, but relatively easy to use.
- RSS 0.92 to 0.94 is an extension of the RSS 0.91 format, most of which are compatible with each other and with RSS RSS 0.91 versions, but are not compatible with RSS 0.90.
- RSS 2.0.1 has an internal version number 2.0. RSS 2.0.1 is declared "frozen", but is still updated immediately after release without changing the version number. RSS now stands for Really Simple Syndication . The main change in this version is the explicit extension mechanism using the XML namespace.
The next version in each branch is backwards compatible with the previous version (in addition to the non-conformant RDF syntax at 0.90), and both versions include well-documented extension mechanisms using XML Namespaces either directly (at branch 2. *) or via RDF (in branch 1. *). Most syndication software supports both branches. The "RSS Compatibility Myth", an article written in 2004 by RSS critic and Atomic supporter Mark Pilgrim, addresses the issue of RSS version compatibility in more detail.
Expansion mechanisms allow each branch to copy innovations elsewhere. For example, the RSS 2. * branch is the first to support attachments, making it the current top choice for podcasting, and in 2005 is the format supported for use by iTunes and other podcasting software; however, the enclosure extension is now available for RSS 1. * branch, mod_enclosure. Likewise, the RSS 2. * core specification does not support the provision of full text other than synopsis, but RSS 1 * markup can (and often) be used as an extension. There are also some general extension packages available, e.g. one from Microsoft for use in Internet Explorer 7.
The most serious compatibility issue is with HTML markup. RSS readers Userland - generally regarded as a reference implementation - initially did not filter HTML markup from the feed. As a result, publishers began placing HTML markup into the title and description of items in their RSS feeds. This behavior has become the hope of the readers, until it becomes the de facto standard, although there is still inconsistency in how the software handles this markup, especially in the title. The RSS 2.0 specification is then updated to include instances of HTML encoded by the entity; however, all previous regular text uses remain valid.
In January 2007, tracking data from www.syndic8.com showed that three major versions of RSS in use today were 0.91, 1.0, and 2.0, representing 13%, 17%, and 67% of usage RSS worldwide. These numbers, however, do not include the use of the Atom competitor's web feed format. As of August 2008, the sindic8.com site indexed 546,069 total feeds, of which 86,496 (16%) were some of the Atom dialects and 438,102 were some of the RSS dialects.
Module
The main purpose of all RSS modules is to extend the basic XML schema defined for stronger content syndication. This inherently allows for more diverse, yet standardized transactions, without modifying the core RSS specifications.
To achieve this extension, strictly controlled vocabulary (in the RSS world, "modules"), in the XML world, "schema") is declared through the XML namespace to name the concepts and relationships between the concepts.
Some RSS 2.0 modules with namespaces that have been defined are:
- RSS Media Module (MRSS) 2.0
- OpenSearch RSS 2.0 Module
Interoperability
Although the number of items in the RSS channel is theoretically unlimited, some news aggregators do not support RSS files larger than 150KB. For example, an application that relies on a Windows General Feed List might handle such files as if they were corrupt, and not open them. Interoperability can be maximized by keeping the file size below this limit.
BitTorrent and RSS
Some BitTorrent clients support RSS. The RSS feeds that provide links to.torrent files allow users to subscribe and download content automatically as soon as they are published.
RSS to email
Some services send RSS to email inbox, sending updates from users' personal preferences and schedules. Instead, some services send emails to RSS readers. Examples of such services include Blogtrottr, IFTTT, and Zapier.
RSS compared to Atom
Both RSS and Atom are widely supported and compatible with all major consumer feed readers. RSS gained wider usage due to initial feed reader support. Technically, Atom has several advantages: less restrictive license, IANA registered MIME type, XML namespace, URI support, NG Relax support.
The following table shows RSS elements along with the Atom elements in which they are equivalent.
Note: an asterisk character (*) indicates that an element must be provided (the "Author" and "link" element of Atom is required only under certain conditions).
Current use
Some major sites like Facebook and Twitter previously offer RSS feeds but have reduced or removed support. In addition, widely used readers such as Shiira, FeedDemon, and Google Reader have been discontinued after mentioning popularity dropped in RSS. RSS support has been removed in Mail and Safari OS X version of Mountain Lion, although the feature has been partially restored in Safari 8. In August 2015, Mozilla Firefox and Internet Explorer included RSS support by default, while Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge did not. In addition, reader services like Feedly provide sync between desktop RSS readers and mobile devices.
See also
- Aaron Swartz
- The comparison of the feed collector
- DataPortability
- Previous FeedSync Simple Sharing Extensions
- Mashup (hybrid web app)
- PubSubHubbub
References
External links
- RSS 0.90 Specifications
- RSS 0.91 Specifications
- Specification RSS 1.0
- RSS 2.0 Specifications
- History of RSS Fork (Mark Pilgrim)
- Create an RSS Feed tutorial with examples
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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