P?ua

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P? ua is the name of M? ori given to three species of edible sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks belonging to the Haliotidae family (where there is only one genus, Haliotis ), are known in the United States and Australia as abalone, and in United Kingdom as an ormer shell. P? ua or paua have entered English through general use in the New Zealand English dialect, and both are singular and plural, following the grammar rules of the original language.

Video P?ua

Species

There are three species of p. Ua New Zealand:

The most famous species in New Zealand is Haliotis iris . It is also the most common species, growing to a width of 18 cm

Maps P?ua

Habitat

P? Ua is usually found in shallow coastal waters along rocky coastlines at depths of 1 to 10 m. There is a clear distinction between adolescent and adult habitats for Haliotis iris , p? Ua less than 7 cm occurs in crevices and under rocks in the shallow intertidal zone while adults are found in the subtidal zone

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Life

These huge sea slugs survive from strong tidal waves by clinging to rocks using their big muscled feet. They eat seaweed.

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Harvest

P ua is collected commercially and commercially but strict arrest limits are set for both. For recreational fishermen, this is ten pua per person per day. Minimum legal measure for captured p? Ua is 125 mm for iris Haliotis and 80 mm for australis Haliotis, measured in straight lines at the largest shell length. The exception is the Haliotis iris taken from the Amateur Taranaki Paua Fishery Area, which is the Taranaki coastal area bounded by the Awakino River to the north and the Whanganui River to the south, where the minimum legal measure is 85 mm. However, p? Ua caught in this area can not be taken to the east of State Highway 4 unless they meet the 125 mm limit.

Besides, no one person can have it anytime (including on land) more than 20p? Ua or more than 2.5 kg bark (shell removed) p? Ua. P? Ua can only be caught with free dives; is it illegal to dive for p? ua use scuba equipment. All parents must remain not emptied until they are on the ground side during high tide so that Primary Fisheries Industry (MPI) officers can inspect them if necessary.

There is a vast global black market in the collection and export of abalone meat. Piracy P? Ua is a big industry in New Zealand with thousands taken illegally, often small. Right to harvest p? Ua may be granted legally under customary rights M? Ori, but because permission to harvest is misused, then it is difficult for the police. This limit is strictly enforced by mobile MPI fisheries officers with police support. Fisheries officers may issue a violation notice between $ 250 and $ 500 for minor offenses, such as having one or two more than is permitted. More serious offenses have resulted in strong and powerful court decisions, including confiscation of diving equipment, ships, and motor vehicles and large fines and in rare cases, imprisonment. Ministry of Fisheries expects in 2004/05, almost 1,000 tons p? Ua will be boiled, with 75% of small size.

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Human use

For M? Ori, p? Ua recognized taonga, or treasure, is well regarded as kaimoana (seafood) and as a valuable source for traditional and contemporary arts and crafts. P? Ua is often used to represent the eye on M carvings? Ori and is traditionally associated with star or whet? , the symbolic eyes of the ancestors staring down from the night sky.

P? Ua icon in New Zealand: its muscular black leg is considered a delicacy, and the shell is often used in jewelry.

New Zealand's highly polished shellfish is very popular as a souvenir with its striking blue, green and purple colors. Empty shells are often used as ashtrays.

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Other names

Haliotis means 'sea ears' and some parts of the world use this term for various species. P? Ua is also incorrectly called "Sea Opal" in the United States and Australia.

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P? ua aquaculture

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P ua aquaculture is a thriving industry in New Zealand. The industry started in New Zealand in the 1980s and to date there are 14 p ua farms operating throughout New Zealand, from Whangarei to Stewart Island. The first plantations that started out consisted of small-scale yards and farms where well-developed techniques and processes were developed and these are now on a commercial scale on large farms. These farms produce p ua for meat, shells and some of their farms focusing only on the production of blue pearls. Most of the production from these farms is exported to the US, and Asian markets.

There is high demand in the world market due to the decline in wild stocks due to overfishing and hunting means the global market for abalone is very less available.

Using aquaculture

P? ua meat and shell

Most farms are grown out of wild skates, but some ponds have developed their own hatcheries and selective breeding programs to produce species that grow faster, and then expand to market size (depending on these conditions it usually takes 2 - 3 years) in one long tray with a stream of sea water at one end and outflow at the other end, or a smaller tank with a tipper bucket that regularly throws seawater into the tank to create a wave motion that experiences in nature wild.

There are a number of different feeds that are used throughout the lifecycle. P? Ua hatches as trochophore larvae and eats the plankton in the seawater which is pumped into the container tank, when the larvae are ready to settle (usually 7 days at 16 ° C) they are transferred to a residential tank consisting of many glass plates that have a film small diatoms that exist (usually Navicula minimata ). Diatoms are the main food source for teenagers until they reach about 3 cm long then the diet then switches to macroalgae species (Some species have been used including Lessonia variegata Pterocladia sp. and Ulva lactuca , but studies have shown that p ua will eat most of the seaweed species). Parents are considered adults about 6 cm in size and then fed on a diet until they are ready to be processed and sold.

P? ua pearl

To produce a pair of pearls harvested from wild stock (at legal size 12.5 cm), shell or plastic based sheaths are pierced through the shell or fixed in place under the shell with glue, the shape of the insert determining the final pearl shape. After p? Their "berinti" ua is stored in a tank for 2 to 3 years and fed seaweed or food during that time they coat the inserts with nacre. After 2 - 3 years they are harvested from the tanks, the meat is shaved, and the pearl is then removed. The quality and size of the pearls change depending on the size of p ua, pearls tend to be smaller when hatchery is maintained, which is why p ua from nature is preferred. High levels of stress in the farm can prevent parents from covering the inserts to produce pearls. So controlling conditions on farms to ensure that paua is not emphasized is paramount in pearl production.

Benefits

1. Reduce dependence on excessively exploited fisheries ua
2. A constant supply level can be reached
3. Higher quality meat and shells can be produced under agricultural conditions

Losses

1. P? ua aquaculture is expensive to organize and maintain
2. P? ua needs very specific conditions to grow well
3. Active and requires a larger tank than any other mollusk species used in aquaculture
4. Long growth period before p? ua is ready for sale
5. If p? ua damaged or cut off, they have a low survival and long recovery period

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Source of the article : Wikipedia