Pit bull is a common name for dog breeds derived from bulldogs and terriers. Formal breeds are often regarded as a pit bull type including American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, American Bully, and Staffordshire Bull Terrier. American Bulldogs are also sometimes included. Race dogs that physically resemble these breeds are often labeled as "pit bulls" by shelters. Many of these breeds were originally developed as dog fighters from bull breeding dogs (used to hold the face and head of larger animals like cattle) and terriers. After the use of dogs in the blood sport is prohibited, such dogs are used as dog catch dogs in the United States for wild cattle and wild boar, to hunt and move cattle, and as family friends. Although there are dog fights that are now illegal in the United States, it still exists as an underground activity, and pit bull is a common type of choice.
Pit bull attacks are often documented by the media, but controlled studies do not show pit bulls to be highly proportionate compared to other breeds. Some jurisdictions have enacted laws that prohibit such breeds, and some insurance companies do not bear the liability of the pit bull bite. Among other roles, Pit Bull has served as police dog, search and rescue dog, and some have appeared in the film.
Video Pit bull
History
Pit bulls are created by bulldog hunters and terriers together to produce dogs that combine the gameness and agility of the terrier with the power of the bulldog. In the United Kingdom, these dogs are used in blood sports such as bull baits and bear baits. This blood sport was officially eliminated in 1835 when the British began introducing the animal welfare legislation. Because dogfights are cheaper to set up and are much easier to hide from the law than bulls or bear baits, supporters of blood sports turn into poking their dogs to each other instead. Dog fighting is used both as a blood sport (often involving gambling) and a way to continuously test the quality of their stock. For decades thereafter, dog battles were secretly taking place in small areas of England and America. At the beginning of the 20th century, pit fighters were used as catching dogs in America for cattle and semi-wild pigs, for hunting, and moving cattle, and as family friends. Some have been selectively bred for their fighting prowess.
Pit bull is also the majority of dogs used for fighting illegal dogs in America. In addition, law enforcement organizations reported that these dogs were used for other cruel purposes, such as keeping illegal narcotics operations, use against the police, and as attack dogs. On the other side of the law, the pit bull has been used as a police dog.
In an attempt to counter the reputation of a pit bull-type dog fight, in 1996 the San Francisco Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals renamed pit bull terriers to "St. Francis Terrier", so that people may be more likely to adopt them. 60 dogs in uniform temperament were adopted until the program was discontinued, after several newly adopted pit bulls killed the cat. The New York City Animal Care and Control Center attempted a similar approach in 2004, redistributing their pit bulls as "New Yorkies", but dropped the idea in the face of extraordinary public opposition.
Currently, there are a number of breeds recognized by different associations that are included in the term "pit bull". The Cynologique Internationale Federation currently recognizes only three breeds: the Bull Terrier, the Miniature Bull Terrier, and the Staffordshier Bull Terrier. The Canadian Kennel Club also recognizes this breed, as well as the American Staffordshire Terrier. American Kennel Club recognizes the American Staffordshire Terrier, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, Miniature Bull Terrier, and Bull Terrier as a breed as well.
Maps Pit bull
Identify
Dogs called pit bulls have similar physical characteristics, but morphological variation among bully breeds makes it difficult for experts to visually identify them as distinct. While mixed breeds are often labeled as pit bulls if they have certain physical characteristics such as square-shaped heads or large body types, visual identification of mixed race dogs is not recommended by the scientific community. Some breeds are often misinterpreted as genetically pit bulls instead of pit bulls including Cane Corso, Dogo Argentino, Dogue de Bordeaux, and others, but because these breeds do not come from cross-breeds of terriers and bulldogs, they are not included in the term " pit bull ".
Dog attack risk
Strong interactions between humans and canine teeth have been studied by the US government, particularly the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as veterinary academic researchers. Interpretation of these studies, breeding identification and problem relevance, and variable circumstances have generated intense controversy.
In a study of dog bites study literature in 2014, the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) states that breeds are a poor single predictor of dog bites. Controlled studies do not show pit bulls to be disproportionately dangerous. While pit bull-type dogs are more commonly identified with cases involving severe injury or death than other offspring, this review suggests this may be related to the popularity of the breed, noting that the sled dogs and Siberian Huskies make up the majority of dog attacks which is fatal in some areas of Canada.
In a 2000 review by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which examined data from both media reports and from The Humane Society of the United States, pit bull breeds were identified in about one-third of dog-related deaths in the United States between 1981 and 1992. However, the review notes that studies of mortality associated with dog bites that collect information by surveying news reports are potential errors, as some deadly attacks may not be reported, the study may not find all that is relevant. news reports, and dog breeds may be misidentified. AVMA also notes the underlying problem with tracking of breeds in mortality associated with dog bites. In a 2013 study of 256 deaths in the United States from 2000-2009, the AVMA determined that the determination of a valid breed was probably only 17.6% of the cases.
Contrary to popular myth, the pit bull has no "jaw locking". There is no physiological "locking mechanism" on the jaw muscles and the structure of the pit bull or other dog. Bull-type dogs, like other terrier dogs, hunt and breed baits, can show bite, hold, and shake behavior and sometimes refuse to let go. Pit bulls also have broad skulls, well developed facial muscles, and strong jaws, and some research shows that pit bull bites are very serious because they tend to bite deeply and grind their molars into the tissues. Breaking down the ammonia ampoule and holding it to the dog's nose can cause the dog to release its grip.
Breed's special rule
The widely reported pit bull attacks in popular media have resulted in the enactment of special breed laws in some jurisdictions. In some cases, specific breeds are prohibited from being reversed or prohibited by state law. This perception also causes an increase in premiums for liability insurance.
Special regulation of breeds has been found to be ineffective in reducing the number of dog attacks. Research has shown that there is resistance by those working in the adoption industry, applying sharper differences before allowing a dog to be labeled as a pit bull, as well as objections from veterinarians.
Many jurisdictions that restrict pit bulls apply their restrictions to the modern American Pit Bull Terrier, the American Staffordshire Terrier, the Staffordshire Bull Terrier, and other dogs that have substantial physical features and appearance of the breeds. Such jurisdictions include the provinces of Ontario in Canada, and US cities in Miami and Denver. But some jurisdictions, like Singapore also classify the modern American Bulldog as "pit bull-type dog". In England, the pit bull is the American Pit Bull Terrier.
Courts in the United States and Canada have ruled that expert identification, when using published breed standards, is sufficient to enforce breed-specific laws.
Around 550 jurisdictions have enacted a special breed (BSL) law in response to a number of well-publicized incidents involving pit bull breeds, and several government organizations such as the US Army and Marine Corps have taken administrative measures as well. This action ranges from a direct ban on the ownership of pit bull dogs, to the limitations and conditions of pit bull ownership. They often make a legal presumption that pit bulls are prima facie dogs that are legally "dangerous" or "malignant". In response, 16 states in the United States are prohibited or restrict the city government's ability in the state to enforce BSL, although this restriction does not affect state-run military installations.
It is now generally resolved in kaselaw that jurisdictions in the US and Canada have the right to enact special breed laws. Regardless of this ownership by the court, there is some public skepticism as to whether the law is effective. One point of view is that the pit bull is a decent public security issue of action such as banning ownership, mandatory/neutral spay for all pit bulls, mandatory microchip implants and liability insurance, or forbidding people convicted of crimes from owning pit bulls. Another view is that a comprehensive "dog bite" law, coupled with better consumer education and legally mandatory responsible pet care practices, is a better solution to a dangerous pit bull problem than BSL.
A third point of view is that special breed legislation should not prohibit full breeds, but should instead strictly regulate the conditions under which specific breeds may be owned, for example, prohibit certain classes of individuals from possessing them, determining the public areas from which they will be banned, and set conditions, such as requiring a dog to wear a muzzle, to take a certain race dog to a public place. Finally, some governments, such as Australia, prohibit the importation of certain breeds, and require spay/neuter of all existing dogs from these breeds in an effort to remove the breed population slowly through natural attrition.
ASPCA says that along with excessive reporting allegations, incorrect reporting is a major contributor to public perception of the breed.
In England and Wales, the Dangerous Dogs Act prohibits ownership of American Pit Bull Terriers, along with three other breeds. The law also prohibits the breeding, selling and exchange of these dogs. Similar laws exist in Australia.
Commercial restrictions
Insurance liability
Dog owners in the United States can be legally arrested for injuries inflicted or caused by their dogs. Generally, owners are held liable if they are not careful in handling or holding dogs, or if they know in advance that the dog has a tendency to cause injury (eg, bite); However, dog owners are automatically held liable if local laws have owners who are fully responsible for any damage caused by their dog, regardless of carelessness or suspicion of dog inclination. The homeowners insurance policy and the lessee typically provides liability coverage of US $ 100,000-300,000 for injuries inflicted by dogs; However, some insurance companies limit their exposure to dog bite liability claims by putting restrictions on the owners of dogs they insure. These restrictions include refusing to cover dog bites under an insurance policy, increasing insurance rates for homeowners with certain breeds, requiring certain breed owners to attend special training or having their dog pass the American Kennel Club Canine Good Citizen test, which requires owners to restrict dogs with muzzles, chains, or cages, and refuse to write policies for homeowners or tenants who have certain dog breeds.
Owners of rental properties can also be held responsible if they know aggressive dogs live on their property and they do nothing to ensure the safety of other tenants on the property; consequently, many rental properties prohibit pit bull and other types if rental property insurance will not cover the damage caused by the breed. Race dogs most often targeted by insurance companies include pit bull-type dogs, Rottweilers, German Shepherd Dogs, Doberman Pinschers, Akitas (Akita Inu and American Akita), and Chow Chows.
In 2013, Insurance Farmers told policyholders in California that "it will no longer include bites by pit bulls, rottweilers and wolf hybrids," a spokeswoman for Farmers said the breeds are responsible for more than a quarter of the agency's dog bite claims. "
Air carrier restrictions
Some air carriers embargo certain dog breeds, due to the effects of high temperature and humidity on brachycephalic animals. The following table has examples of air embargo on dogs.
United Airlines has previously embargoed American Pit Bull Terriers for safety reasons. However, pit bulls (along with American Staffordshires and other similar breeds) are now permitted, provided that dogs older than six months or weighing more than 20 pounds (9 kg) are transported in coffins.
The famous Pit bull
Breed pit bulls have become notorious for their roles as soldiers, police dogs, search dogs and saviors, actors, television personalities, seeing eye dogs, and celebrity pets. The Staffordshire Terrier of America, Pete the Pup of the Little Rascals film is a historically famous bull pit. Less known, but the pit bulls are still historically famous including Billie Holiday's companion "Mister", Helen Keller's dog "Sir Thomas", Buster Brown dog "Tige", Horatio Jackson "Bud" dog, Theodore Roosevelt's President Pit Bull terrier "Pete" "Jack Brutus" serving Company K, First Connecticut Volunteer Infantry during the Civil War, Sgt. Stubby in charge of the 102nd Infantry Division, Division 26 (Yankee) during World War I, and Sir Walter Scott "Wasp".
Contemporary significant pitch bulls are: Weela, who helped save 32 people, 29 dogs, 3 horses, and 1 cat during the floods extending south California in 1993; Popsicle, a five-month-old puppy originally found almost to death in the freezer, growing into one of the country's most important police dogs; Norton, who was placed in the Purina Animal Hall of Fame after he saved his owner from a severe reaction to spider bites; Titan, who rescued his owner's wife, who would die of aneurysm; D-Boy, who took three bullets to save his family from an intruder with a gun; Star, who while protecting his owner was shot by police in a video that became viral; and Lilly, who lost her leg after being struck by a freight train while pulling her unconscious owner off the railroad tracks. Father, Cesar Millan's right-hand dog, famous for his gentle temperament and his ability to interact quietly with impolite dogs.
References
Further reading
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Collier, Stephen (2006). "Special rules breeds and pit bull terriers: Are laws justified?". The Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research . 1 (1): 17-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jveb.2006.04.011. ISSN 1558-7878.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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