In human anatomy, muscles of the hip joint are the muscles that cause movement in the hip. Most modern anatomists define 17 of these muscles, although some extra muscles can sometimes be considered. These are often divided into four groups according to their orientation around the hip joint: the gluteal group, the lateral rotator group, the adductor group, and the iliopsoas group.
Video Muscles of the hip
Structure
The hip muscles consist of four main groups
Gluteal group
Gluteal muscles include gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae. They cover the lateral surface of the ilium. Gluteus maximus, which forms most of the butt muscles, is mainly derived from the ilium and sacrum and inserts in the gluteal tuberosity of the femur as well as the iliotibial canal, a strong fibrous tissue channel extending along the lateral thigh to the tibia and fibula. Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus originate anteriorly to the gluteus maximus of the ilium and both insert in the major trochanter of the femur. The tensor fasciae latae shares its origin with gluteus maximus in ilium and also shares insertion in the iliotibial canal.
Adductor Group
The adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, pectineus, and gracilis form the adductor group. The adductors all originate in the pubis and insert on the medial, posterior surface of the femur, with the exception of the gracilis that inserts just below the medial condyle of the tibia.
Iliopsoas group
The iliacus and psoas major consist of the iliopsoas group. Psoas major is a large muscle that runs from the body and discs L1 to L5 vertebrae, joins iliacus through its tendon, and connects to a small trochanter of the femur. Iliacus is derived from the iliac fossa of ilium. Together these muscles are often referred to as "iliopsoas".
Group lateral rotator
This group consists of externus and internus obturators, piriformis, gemelli superior and inferior, and quadratus femoris. These six come from or under the acetabulum of the ilium and insert at or near the major trochanter of the femur.
Other pelvic muscles
Additional muscles, such as rectus femoris and sartorius, may cause some movement in the hip joint. But these muscles primarily move the knee, and are generally not classified as hip muscles.
The hamstring muscle, which mostly comes from the ischial tuberosity inserted in the tibia/fibula, has great moments of help with hip extension.
Maps Muscles of the hip
Function
Hip movements occur because many muscles activate at once. Most muscles are also responsible for more than one type of movement.
The movement of the hip is described in anatomical terminology using the term anatomical motion. The movement that brings the thighs close to the abdomen is called "flexion". When the foot is open, as in the lotus yoga posture, it is called "external rotation", with opposite motions called "internal rotation". Hip abduction occurs when the femur moves out to the side, as in taking a separate thigh. Hip adduction occurs when the thigh bone moves back to the midline. Many muscles contribute to these movements:
- Psoas is the main hip flexor, aided by iliacus. Pectinus, adductors longus, brevis, and magnus, as well as tensor fasciae latae are also involved in flexion.
- Gluteus max is the main hip extensor, but the inferior part of the adductor magnus also plays a role.
- The adductor group is responsible for hip adduction. Abductions mainly occur through the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus.
- The medial rotation is performed by gluteus medius and gluteus minimus, as well as tensor fasciae latae and is aided by adductors brevis and longus and the superior part of the adductor magnus.
- Each muscle of the lateral rotator group causes a lateral rotation of the thigh. These muscles are assisted by the gluteus maximus and the inferior part of the adductor magnus.
Hip muscles also play a role in maintaining a standing posture. These muscles work in an integrated system with the muscles of the shoulders, neck, nucleus, lower legs, and spinal support muscles, to provide the ability to stand with good posture. These muscles include the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus that kidnap the thigh, prevent pelvic hips, stabilize the pelvic area while maintaining the level of the hip, and shift one's weight to adjust the body placement to improve the stability of the body as a whole.
References
- Calais-Germain, Blandine. "Anatomy of Movement", Eastland Press, 1993. ISBN: 0-939616-17-3
- Martini, Frederic; Timmons, Michael; McKinnley, Michael. "Human Anatomy", 3rd Edition, Prentice-Hall, 2000. ISBNÃ, 0-13-010011-0
- Marieb, Elaine. "The Essence of Anatomy and Human Physiology", Issue 6. Addison Wesley Longman, 2000. ISBNÃ, 0-8053-4940-5
- Netter, Frank H. "Atlas of Human Anatomy", Issue 2, Icon Learning System, 2001. ISBN: 0-914168-81-9
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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