Adobe Systems Incorporated "English respelling pronunciation"> dohbee ), commonly known as Adobe , is American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused on creating multimedia software products and creativity, with more recent robberies on the development of rich Internet applications software. Very well known for Photoshop, image editing software, Acrobat Reader, Portable Document Format (PDF), and Adobe Creative Suite, and its successor, Adobe Creative Cloud.
Adobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who founded the company after leaving Xerox PARC to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution.
By 2015, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide, about 40% of whom work in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco, California in the United States.
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History
The company started in John Warnock's garage. The company name, Adobe , comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's home. The company's Adobe logo has an "A" feature and was designed by Marva Warnock, graphic designer and wife John Warnock.
Steve Jobs was asked to buy the company for five million dollars in 1982, but Warnock and Geschke refused. Their investors urged them to do something with Jobs, so they agreed to sell their shares for 19 percent of the company, which Jobs paid a multiple of five times their company's current valuation, plus a five-year license fee for PostScript. Purchases and advances made Adobe the first company in Silicon Valley's history to be profitable in the first year.
Warnock and Geschke consider a wide range of business options including business photocopying services and turnkey systems for office printing. Then they choose to focus on the development of specialized printing software, and create the language of the Adobe PostScript page description.
PostScript is the first truly international standard for computer printing because it includes algorithms that explain the shape of the letters of many languages. Adobe added kanji printer products in 1988. Warnock and Geschke are also able to increase the credibility of Postscript by connecting with the manufacturer of the letters. They can not work with Compugraphic, but then work with Linotype to license Helvetica and Times Roman fonts (via Linotron 100). In 1987, PostScript has become the industry standard printer language with over 400 third party software programs and license agreements with 19 printer companies.
Warnock describes the language as "extensible", in its ability to apply standard graphic art to office printing.
Adobe's first product after PostScript was a digital font, released in a proprietary format called Type 1. Apple then developed a competing standard, TrueType, which provides full scalability and precise control of the pixel pattern created by the outline of the font, and licenses it to Microsoft.
In the mid-1980s, Adobe entered the consumer software market with Illustrator, a vector-based drawing program for Apple Macintosh. Illustrator, which grew out of the company's internal font development software, helped popularize laser printers that support PostScript.
Adobe Systems entered the NASDAQ in August 1986. Its revenue has increased from about $ 1 billion in 1999 to $ 4 billion in 2012. Adobe's fiscal year runs from December to November. For example, the 2007 fiscal year ended on November 30, 2007.
In 1989, Adobe introduced what became its flagship product, a graphical editing program for the Macintosh called Photoshop. Stable and full-featured Photoshop 1.0 with the ability to be marketed by Adobe and soon to dominate the market.
In 1993, Adobe introduced PDF, Portable Document Format, and Adobe Acrobat and Reader software. PDF is now an International Standard: ISO 32000-1: 2008.
In December 1991, Adobe released Adobe Premiere, which Adobe rebranded as Adobe Premiere Pro in 2003. In 1992, Adobe acquired OCR Systems, Inc. In 1994, Adobe acquired Aldus and added PageMaker and After Effects to its product line at the end of the year; it also controls the TIFF file format. In the same year, Adobe acquired LaserTools Corp. and Compution Inc. In 1995, Adobe added FrameMaker, a long DTP document application, to its product line after Adobe acquired Frame Technology Corp. In 1996, Adobe Systems Inc. added Ares Software Corp. 2002, Adobe acquired the Canadian company Accelio (also known as JetForm).
On December 12, 2005, Adobe acquired its main rival, Macromedia, in a stock exchange worth about $ 3.4 billion, adding ColdFusion, Contributing, Enchanting, Acrobat Connect (formerly Macromedia Breeze), Director, Dreamweaver, Fireworks, Flash, FlashPaper, Flex, FreeHand, HomeSite, JRun, Presenter, and Authorware to Adobe product line.
Adobe released Adobe Media Player in April 2008. On April 27, Adobe discontinued development and sales of older HTML/web development software, GoLive that supports Dreamweaver. Adobe offers discounts on Dreamweaver for GoLive users and supports those still using GoLive with online tutorials and migration help. On June 1, Adobe launched Acrobat.com, a series of web apps devoted to collaborative work. Creative Suite 4, which includes Design, Web, Premium Production, and Master Collection came out in October 2008 in six configurations priced from around USD $ 1,700 to $ 2,500 or with individual applications. The Windows versions of Photoshop include 64-bit processing. On December 3, 2008, Adobe laid off 600 of its employees (8% of staff worldwide) on the grounds of a weak economic environment.
On November 10, 2009, the company laid off more than 680 employees. Adobe announced it is investigating a "coordinated attack" on enterprise network systems in China, managed by the company.
Adobe 2010 is marked by continuing front-and-back arguments with Apple regarding non-support for Adobe Flash on iPhone, iPad and other products. Former Apple CEO Steve Jobs claims that Flash is unreliable or secure enough, while Adobe executives think Apple wants to keep control of the iOS platform. In April 2010, Steve Jobs published a post titled "Thoughts on Flash" in which he outlined his thoughts on Flash and the emergence of HTML 5. In July 2010, Adobe bought the Day Software that integrates their CQ product line: WCM, DAM, SOCO, and Mobile
In January 2011, Adobe acquired DemDex, Inc. with the goal of adding DemDex audience optimization software to its online marketing package. In Photoshop World 2011, Adobe launched a new mobile photo service. Carousel is a new app for iPhone, iPad and Mac that uses Photoshop Lightroom technology for users to customize and fine-tune images on all platforms. Carousel will also allow users to automatically synchronize, share and browse photos. The service was later renamed "Adobe Revel".
In October 2011, Adobe acquired Nitobi Software, the maker of the mobile app development framework PhoneGap . As part of the acquisition, the PhoneGap source code was sent to the Apache Foundation, where it became Apache Cordova.
On November 9, 2011, Adobe announced that it will stop developing Flash for mobile devices after version 11.1. Instead it will focus on HTML 5 for mobile devices. On December 1, 2011, Adobe announced that it signed a definitive agreement to acquire a privately held Frontier Efficiency.
In December 2012, Adobe opened its 280,000 square foot campus in Lehi, Utah.
In 2013, Adobe Systems encountered a major security breach. The vast portion of the source code for the company's software is stolen and posted online and over 150 million Adobe customer records are available for download. In 2012, approximately 40 million sets of payment card information were compromised by Adobe's hack.
A class action lawsuit stating that the company suppressed employee compensation was filed against Adobe, and three other Silicon Valley-based companies in California federal district court in 2013. In May 2014, it was revealed four companies, Adobe, Apple, Google, and Intel had reached deal with the plaintiff, 64,000 employees from four companies, to pay $ 324.5 million to settle the lawsuit.
On Wednesday, March 28, 2018, at Adobe Summit, Adobe and NVIDIA publish key associations to improve their industry's AI quickly and deeply learn innovations. Growing over years of coordinated efforts, the organization will work to streamline Adobe Sensei AI and machine learning structures for NVIDIA GPUs. This joint effort will accelerate the time to showcase and enhance the execution of Sensei's new services for Adobe Creative Cloud and Experience Cloud clients and engineers.
Adobe and NVIDIA have worked together for more than 10 years in enabling GPU acceleration for a variety of creative Adobe and computerized meeting item settings. It combines Sensei-powered features, for example, auto lip sync in Adobe Character Animator CC and editing conscious faces in Photoshop CC, as well as cloud-based AI/ML items and features, for example, image investigations for Adobe Stock and Lightroom CC and auto-labeling on Superintendent of Adobe Experience.
The organization also plans to take steps to simplify the AI ​​Sensei service for NVIDIA equipment in the cloud and on the edge, to improve execution and new capacity. What's more, they intend to investigate bundling and deliver an easy-to-use AI Sensei administration to the environment of NVIDIA engineers. It combines an administration that focuses on innovative media, for example, mixed realities, cutting-edge rendering such as NVIDIA's new real-time RTX raster tracking technology, and other new immersive meetings.
On May 22, 2018, Adobe stated that they purchased the Magento Commerce e-commerce service provider from Permira's private equity firm for $ 1.68 billion. This deal will help improve its Cloud Experience business, which provides services including analytics, advertising, and marketing. The deal is expected to close during Adobe's third fiscal quarter by 2018.
Maps Adobe Systems
Products
- Graphic design software
- Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Pagemaker, Adobe Lightroom, Adobe InDesign, Adobe InCopy, Adobe ImageReady, Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Freehand, Adobe FrameMaker, Adobe Fireworks, Adobe Acrobat
- Web design program
- Adobe Muse, Adobe GoLive, Adobe Flash Builder, Adobe Flash, Adobe Edge, Adobe Dreamweaver, Adobe Contribute
- Video editing and visual effects
- Adobe Ultra, Adobe Spark Video, Adobe Premiere Pro, Adobe Premiere Elements, Adobe Prelude, Adobe Encore, Adobe Director, Adobe Animate, Adobe After Effects
- Audio editing software
- Adobe Soundbooth, Adobe Audition
- eLearning software
- Adobe Captivate Prime (LMS platform), Adobe Captivate, Adobe Presenter Video Express and Adobe Connect (also webconferencing platform)
- Digital Marketing Management Software
- Adobe Marketing Cloud, Adobe Experience Manager (AEM 6.2), add-on XML Documentation (for AEM), Mixamo,
- Server software
- Adobe ColdFusion, Adobe Content Server and Adobe LiveCycle Enterprise Suite, Adobe BlazeDS
- Format
- Portable Document Format (PDF), PostScript predecessor PDF, ActionScript, Shockwave Flash (SWF), Flash Video (FLV), and Filmstrip (.flm )
- Web hosted service
- Adobe Color, Photoshop Express, Acrobat.com, and Adobe Spark
Adobe Stock
The microstock institution currently provides over 57 million free royalty-free high-resolution images and videos available for licensing (via subscription or credit purchase methods). On December 11, 2014, Adobe announced it purchased Fotolia for $ 800 million in cash, with the aim of integrating the service into its Creative Cloud solution. Purchase completed in January 2015. It runs as a stand-alone website.
Reception
Since 1995, Fortune has ranked Adobe as a great place to work. Adobe was rated the 5th best US company to work in 2003, 6 in 2004, 31 in 2007, 40 in 2008, 11 in 2009, 42 in 2010, 65 in 2011, 41 in 2012, and 83 in 2013. In October 2008 , Adobe Systems Canada Inc. was named one of "100 Best Canadian Entrepreneurs" by Mediacorp Canada Inc., and featured in Maclean's newsmagazine.
Criticism
Pricing
Adobe has been criticized for its pricing practices, with retail prices doubling in non-US countries. As many people point out, it is much cheaper to pay for a return plane ticket to the United States and buy a particular Adobe software collection there instead of buying it locally in Australia.
After Adobe revealed the price for Creative Suite 3 Master Collection, which is higher Ã, Â £ 1,000 higher for European customers, a petition to protest "unfair prices" has been published and signed by 10,000 users. In June 2009, Adobe further increased its price in the UK by 10% despite a weaker pound against the dollar, and UK users were not allowed to buy from US stores.
Adobe Reader and Flash programs are listed in the article "10 most hated programs all the time" by TechRadar .
Security
Hackers have exploited vulnerabilities in Adobe programs, such as Adobe Reader, to gain unauthorized access to the computer. Adobe Flash Player has also been criticized for, among other things, suffering performance, memory usage and security issues (see criticism from Flash Player). A report by security researchers from Kaspersky Lab criticized Adobe for producing a product that has the top 10 security vulnerabilities.
Observers note that Adobe spied on its customers by including spyware in Creative Suite 3 software and secretly sent user data to a company called Omniture. When users become aware, Adobe explains what suspicious software does and recognizes that they: "can and should do a better job by considering security issues". When a security hole is later found in Photoshop CS5, Adobe triggers outrage by saying it will leave unpatched flaws, so anyone wanting to use the software safely has to pay for the upgrade. After a fierce backlash Adobe decided to provide software patches.
Adobe has been criticized for pushing unwanted software including third-party browser tools and free virus scanners, usually as part of the Flash update process, and for encouraging third-party scareware programs designed to frighten users into paying for system improvements that do not required.
Customer data violation
On October 3, 2013, the company initially revealed that 2.9 million customers of sensitive personal and personal data were stolen in breaches of security including encrypted credit card information. Adobe later acknowledged that 38 million active users have been affected and the attacker gained access to their encrypted ID and password, as well as many inactive Adobe accounts. The Company does not clarify if all personal information is encrypted, such as email addresses and physical addresses, even though data privacy laws in 44 countries require this information to be encrypted.
A 3.8 GB file was stolen from Adobe and contained 152 million usernames, a reversible encrypted password and unencrypted password hints were posted on AnonNews.org. LastPass, a password security company, said that Adobe failed to use best practices to secure passwords and not inhale them. Another security company, Sophos, pointed out that Adobe uses a weak encryption method that allows the recovery of a lot of information with little effort. According to IT expert Simon Bain, Adobe has failed its customers and 'should hang their head in shame'.
Many of these credit cards are associated with Cloud Creative software-by-subscription services. Adobe offers US customers affected by free membership in credit monitoring services, but no similar arrangements are made for non-US customers. When data breaches occur in the US, the penalty depends on the country where the victim lives, not where the company is based.
After stealing customer data, cyber thieves also access Adobe's source code repository, probably in mid-August 2013. Because hackers are getting copies of Adobe's proprietary product source code, they can discover and exploit any potential weaknesses in their security, computer experts warn. Security researcher Alex Holden, chief information security officer of Hold Security, characterizes Adobe's violations, which affect Acrobat, ColdFusion and many other applications, as "one of the worst in US history". Adobe also announced that hackers stole part of Photoshop's source code, which commentators can allow programmers to copy their engineering techniques and will make it easier to hijack expensive Adobe products.
Published on Russian-language hacker group servers, "encryption disclosure algorithms, other security schemes, and software vulnerabilities can be used to bypass protection for individual and enterprise data" and may have opened the gateway to a new generation of zero-day attacks. Hackers are already using ColdFusion exploits to bring up the PR Newswire customer's encrypted user name and password, which has been tied to Adobe's security breach. They also use ColdFusion exploits to violate the Washington state court and expose up to 160,000 Social Security numbers.
Anti-competitive practices
Adobe acquired Aldus Corp. in 1994, a software vendor selling FreeHand, a competing product. Freehand competes directly with Adobe Illustrator, Adobe's flagship vector-graphic editor. The Federal Trade Commission intervenes and forces Adobe to resell FreeHand to Altsys, and also prohibits Adobe to buy back FreeHand or similar programs over the next 10 years (1994-2004). Altsys was later purchased by Macromedia, which released versions 5 through 11. When Adobe acquired Macromedia in December 2005, it stopped Freehand's development in 2007, effectively making it obsolete. With FreeHand and Illustrator, Adobe controls only two products that compete in the market of professional illustration programs for the Macintosh operating system.
In 2011, a group of 5000 Freehand graphic designers convened under Free Free banner, and filed a civil antitrust complaint in the US District Court for the Northern District of California against Adobe. The lawsuit states that Adobe has violated federal and state antitrust laws by abusing its dominant position in the professional vector graphics software marketplace and that Adobe has engaged in a series of exclusive and anti-competitive actions. and strategies designed to kill FreeHand, the dominant competitor for Adobe Illustrator software products, rather than competing on the basis of products that are appropriate under the principles of free market capitalism. Adobe does not respond to claims and the lawsuit is finally resolved. The FreeHand community believes Adobe should release the product to the open source community if it can not update it internally.
In 2010, on its FreeHand product page Adobe declared "Although we recognize FreeHand has a loyal customer base, we encourage users to migrate to the new Adobe Illustrator CS4 software that supports Intel-based PowerPC and Mac and Microsoft Windows XP and Windows Vista. " Starting 2016, the Freehand page no longer exists and is simply redirected to the Illustrator page. The Adobe FTP server software still contains directories for FreeHand, but is empty.
See also
- Adobe MAX
- Adobe Solutions Network
- Digital rights management (DRM)
- List of acquisitions by Adobe Systems
- List of Adobe software
- US v. ElcomSoft Sklyarov
References
External links
- Official website
- Official: - Mastering Creative Intelligence and Experience: A year with Adobe Sensei
- "Adobe Logo History".
- "Adobe timeline" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on July 2, 2007.
- Real Lessons in Adobe Announcement - Lenswork Daily: Podcasts
- "Patents owned by Adobe Systems". US Patent & amp; Trademark Office . Retrieved December 8, 2005 .
- San Jose Semaphore in Adobe building
- "Adobe Systems Incorporated Company Profile". Yahoo! . Retrieved 2017-03-07 .
- Adobe Systems Video and Audio at MarketWatch
- The biggest argument Tech: Apple vs. Adobe Flash
- What's New In Adobe Photoshop CC 2018
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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